Background: Determining regional patterns of antimicrobial resistance in bacterial infections in the healthcare setting (AMR) identifies surveillance gaps and informs policies for mitigation. We estimated the prevalence of AMR for six WHO priority pathogens in diagnostic and surveillance samples in the twelve east and north-east Indian states from 2011 to 2022 (PROSPERO ID: CRD42021278961).
Methods: Studies were searched on Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science. Observational, descriptive, and cross-sectional studies, reporting AMR based on laboratory diagnostics, in individuals from east and north-east India from 2011 to 2022 were included. Four reviewers in pairs conducted abstract, full-text screening, and data extraction. We estimated the prevalence of resistance in fifty-four pathogen-antibiotic combinations, and six antibiotic resistance patterns. Pooled estimates of prevalence (Ɵ), heterogeneity (I), and 95 % confidence intervals were calculated using the random effects model.
Results: Fifty-five studies were included. Information was available for nine states, none from Arunachal Pradesh, Mizoram, and Nagaland. E. coli was most frequently isolated (59.2 %, 95 % CI: 48.8-69.6 %), followed by S. aureus (36.2 %, 95 % CI: 20.2-52.2 %), Enterococcus (27.5 %, 95 % CI: 11.2-43.7 %), Klebsiella (25 %, 95 % CI: 15-35 %), Acinetobacter (15.7 %, 95 % CI: 2.3-29.1 %), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (15.7 %, 95 % CI: 4.1-27.3 %). There was high prevalence of ESBL (45 %, 95 % CI: 35-55 %) and carbapenem resistance (30 %, 95 % CI: 22-38 %). AmpC (23 %, 95 % CI: 9-37 %) and colistin resistance was lower (10 %, 95 % CI: 0-22 %) but supporting data was limited. Overall prevalence of MRSA was 26 % (95 % CI: 14-39 %), and VRE was 9 % (95 % CI: 0-17 %).
Conclusion: High prevalence of resistance was seen to all first-line antibiotics. Gram positive bacteria had high resistance to penicillins, and Gram negatives to third-generation cephalosporins, beta-lactam/beta-lactamase inhibitors, and carbapenems. Aminoglycoside, fluoroquinolone, and trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole resistance was common across all genera. Critical regional AMR information gaps exist.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmmb.2024.100732 | DOI Listing |
J Adv Vet Anim Res
June 2021
Faculty of Animal Science, University of Mataram, Mataram, Indonesia.
Objective: Previously, we have shown that predicted zymogen granule protein 16 homolog B (P-G3MZ19) existed in Bali cattle () saliva. It was suggested that P-G3MZ19 is a member of the mannose-binding lectin family that plays an essential role in innate immunity. In the present study, we aimed to analyze the structure and ligand-binding of P-3MZ19 in Bali cattle saliva.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMicrob Pathog
January 2021
Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; College of Agriculture, Yanbian University, Yanbian, Jilin, 133002, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China. Electronic address:
Appl Environ Microbiol
July 2017
Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
The relatively low infectivity of baculoviruses to their host larvae limits their use as insecticidal agents on a larger scale. In the present study, a novel strategy was developed to efficiently embed foreign proteins into (AcMNPV) occlusion bodies (OBs) to achieve stable expression of foreign proteins and to improve viral infectivity. A recombinant AcMNPV bacmid was constructed by expressing the 150-amino-acid (aa) N-terminal segment of polyhedrin under the control of the promoter and the remaining C-terminal 95-aa segment under the control of the promoter.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFish Shellfish Immunol
December 2016
Key Laboratory of Marine Biogenetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Xiamen 361005, China; South China Sea Bio-Resource Exploration and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center, Xiamen 361005, China. Electronic address:
Chemokines are a superfamily of cytokines regulating immune cell migration under both inflammatory and normal physiological conditions. Currently, a number of fish specific CXC chemokines, named as CXCL_F1-5, have been identified in several species. However, understanding of their functional characteristics is still limited.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMed J Aust
April 2015
University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia.
There is growing understanding of the need for genetic information to be shared with genetic relatives in some circumstances. Since 2006, s 95AA of the Privacy Act 1988 (Cwlth) has permitted the disclosure of genetic information to genetic relatives without the patient's consent, provided that the health practitioner reasonably believes that disclosure is necessary to lessen or prevent a serious threat to the life, health or safety of the genetic relatives. Enabling guidelines were introduced in 2009.
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