Waterborne nutrient loads to downstream ecosystems integrate contributions from both active and legacy sources. Effective mitigation of nutrient pollution and eutrophication around the world requires distinction of these, largely unknown, relative load contributions. Here, the active and legacy contributions to nitrogen and phosphorus loads are distinguished in numerous streams and associated hydrological catchments of Australia, China, Sweden, and USA. The legacy contributions overshadow the active ones in all countries during 2005-2020. China and USA, with higher population densities and related overall human-activity levels, also have substantial active contributions. The median values of legacy concentration contributions of total nitrogen range from 321 (in Sweden) to 1850 μg/L (in USA); whereas the active contributions range from 2.2 (in Australia) to 315 μg/L (in USA). In China, nitrogen data are available only for ammonia, with median concentration contributions of 294 μg/L for legacy and 352 μg/L for active sources. For total phosphorus, the median values of legacy concentration contributions range from 28.8 (in Sweden) to 270 μg/L (in USA), while the active ones range from 0.1 (in Australia) to 67.3 μg/L (in USA). For relatively fast mitigation responses, China and USA need to mitigate their current nutrient emissions, while Australia and Sweden need a shift in mitigation focus to targeting their dominant legacy source contributions. The data-driven method testing in this study supports the used source distinction-attribution approach. This enables consistent source identification and tailoring of targeted measures for effective nutrient load mitigation in various regional contexts.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.176407 | DOI Listing |
Environ Toxicol Chem
January 2025
Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology, Ishikawa Prefectural University, Nonoichi, Ishikawa, 921-8836 Japan.
Polymer-coated fertilizers, widely used in rice cultivation in Japan, contribute to reactive nitrogen management and agricultural productivity but are a source of microplastics in the environment. Here, we investigated microplastics derived from polymer-coated fertilizer (microcapsule) runoff in Japanese paddy fields at 38 sites to quantitatively assess the behavior of microcapsules in paddy fields, and to estimate the total amount of runoff and accumulation in Japan. We also examined the factors causing variations in the amount of runoff among paddy fields.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAnal Methods
January 2025
LGC, Queens Road, Teddington, TW11 0LY, UK.
Products containing cannabidiol (CBD) have become increasingly popular due to consumer-perceived benefits of improving health and well-being. More specifically in the United Kingdom (UK), CBD food products are categorised as . For these products to remain on the market, they must have authorisation from the Food Standards Agency on the basis that they are safe, correctly labelled, and do not contain substances classified under controlled drugs legislation in accordance with any existing or future Home Office guidance.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBiol Trace Elem Res
January 2025
Department of Environmental Management and Toxicology, Federal University of Agriculture, PMB 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria.
Fish is a significant source of animal protein for humans; however, it has a tendency to bioaccumulate toxicants from the environment. The present study assessed the health risks associated with potential toxic metals (PTMs) in differently processed catfish (Clarias gariepinus) from four markets in Abeokuta metropolis, southwestern Nigeria. A total of 60 samples were collected and analyzed for PTMs using an Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBiodegradation
January 2025
Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Jakarta, Rawamangun, Jakarta Timur, Indonesia.
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are synthetic organofluoride compounds, widely used in industries since the 1950s for their hydrophobic properties. PFAS contamination of soil and water poses significant environmental and public health risks due to their persistence, chemical stability, and resistance to degradation. The Chemical Abstracts Service catalogs approximately 4300 PFAS globally.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNaunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol
January 2025
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt.
Piperazine-based compounds have garnered significant attention due to their notable biological and pharmacological activities, making them essential in fine chemical and pharmaceutical applications. In this study, we managed to synthesize a novel hybrid bis-cyanoacrylamide bearing the piperazine core via phenoxymethyl linker and incorporating sulphamethoxazole moiety. The novel compound was fully characterized using different spectral data including 1H-NMR, C-NMR, and FTIR spectroscopy.
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