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Elevated blood-ethanol concentration promotes reduction of aliphatic ketones (acetone and ethyl methyl ketone) to secondary alcohols along with slower oxidation to aliphatic diols.
Arch Toxicol
December 2024
Division of Clinical Chemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Linköping, 58183, Linköping, Sweden.
Many people convicted for drunken driving suffer from an alcohol use disorder and some traffic offenders consume denatured alcohol for intoxication purposes. Venous blood samples from people arrested for driving under the influence of alcohol were analyzed in triplicate by headspace gas chromatography (HS-GC) using three different stationary phases. The gas chromatograms from this analysis sometimes showed peaks with retention times corresponding to acetone, ethyl methyl ketone (2-butanone), 2-propanol, and 2-butanol in addition to ethanol and the internal standard (1-propanol).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Alcohol poisoning is a significant global problem that has become an epidemic. The determination of the alcohol type is hereby essential as it may affect the course of the treatment; however, there is no routine laboratory diagnostic method for alcohol types other than for ethanol. In this study, we aimed to define a simple method for alcohol type differentiation by utilizing a combination of breathalyzer and spectrophotometrically measured serum ethanol results.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCharacterization of extensive 2-fluorodeschloroketamine metabolism in pooled human liver microsomes, urine and hair from an addicted patient using high-resolution accurate mass spectrometry.
J Anal Toxicol
July 2023
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Raymond Poincaré Hospital, AP-HP, Garches 92380, France.
Article Synopsis
- 2-Fluorodeschloroketamine (2F-DCK) is a ketamine derivative linked to serious health issues, prompting this study to explore its metabolism using human liver microsomes and authentic samples from drug users.
- The analysis involved advanced techniques like liquid chromatography and high-resolution accurate mass spectrometry, identifying 26 potential metabolites, with 15 newly reported.
- Key findings highlight the reliability of nor-2F-DCK as a target for testing, alongside new metabolites detected in urine and hair, confirming its presence in significant concentrations following chronic use.
Acute Ethanol Intoxication: Αn Overlooked Cause of High Anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis With a Marked Increase in Serum Osmolal Gap.
Cureus
April 2023
1st Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Ioannina, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, GRC.
Article Synopsis
- Serum osmolal gap measurement is helpful in diagnosing toxic alcohol ingestion, with normal levels usually below 10 mOsm/kg and values above 20 mOsm/kg indicating possible toxicity from various substances, including methanol and ethylene glycol.
- A case is presented involving an 18-year-old male who, after binge drinking, experienced severe ethanol intoxication characterized by a comatose state, high anion gap metabolic acidosis, and an extremely elevated osmolal gap of 91 mOsm/kg.
- The findings suggest that acute, isolated ethanol intoxication can cause significant changes in osmolal gap levels, and clinicians should consider this in patients with high anion gap metabolic acidosis alongside elevated osmolal
The danger of the toxicity and inefficacy of alcohol-based hand rubs in Iran during COVID-19: a cross-sectional study.
Antimicrob Resist Infect Control
April 2023
Social Determinant of Health Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Article Synopsis
- The Iranian Ministry of Health authorized new manufacturers of alcohol-based hand rubs (ABHR) during COVID-19, but this led to an increase in methanol poisonings, resulting in more deaths than from the virus in some areas.
- Researchers analyzed 64 brands of ABHR for safety, finding that nearly 47% met proper standards, while 12.5% contained dangerous levels of methanol.
- The study highlighted the need for stricter regulations and monitoring of hand sanitizers to prevent health risks during health emergencies like COVID-19.*
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