Electronic monitoring device informed interventions for treatment adherence and clinical outcomes in children and adolescents: A systematic review.

Objective: To systematically review literature from randomised controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the effectiveness of electronic monitoring device informed interventions on adherence and clinical outcomes in children and adolescents with chronic conditions.

Study Design: A systematic review was conducted. An electronic literature search covering studies, with no pre-specified starting date up to June 2024, was performed in Medline, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane and Trials databases was conducted.

Participants: RCTs of electronic monitoring device informed interventions in individuals aged 0 to 18 years with chronic conditions, were identified, with no restriction on geography or publication date.

Methods: Extracted data was synthesised. As a result of differences in definitions and analysis of adherence and clinical outcomes across the studies a pooled meta-analysis was not possible therefore, a descriptive analysis was conducted. Risk of bias across all studies was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration risk of bias tool.

Results: 11 RCTs, with 1485 children and adolescents were included. Studies were all from high- and middle-income countries, conducted among children and adolescents with asthma, and one each among children and adolescents with kidney transplant, multiple sclerosis, and epilepsy. Eight of the 11 studies reported a positive effect on adherence. Only four studies reported a positive effect on clinical outcomes and seven studies found no effect on clinical outcomes.

Conclusions: Electronic monitoring device interventions show promise in improving adherence in children and adolescents with chronic conditions, in a limited number of chronic conditions, mostly asthma. Evidence for the efficacy of electronic monitoring device informed interventions on clinical outcomes and from low-income settings is lacking.

Systematic Review Registration: PROSPERO, CRD42022312057, registered in March 2022.

Tweetable Abstract: Electronic monitoring device informed interventions may improve treatment adherence in children and adolescents with chronic conditions but evidence from low-income settings is lacking @nyasha_dzavakwa @KatharinaKranz4 @dopapus @hilda_mujuru @rashida_abbferr @vickysimms_epi.