Severity: Warning
Message: file_get_contents(https://...@pubfacts.com&api_key=b8daa3ad693db53b1410957c26c9a51b4908&a=1): Failed to open stream: HTTP request failed! HTTP/1.1 429 Too Many Requests
Filename: helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line Number: 176
Backtrace:
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 176
Function: file_get_contents
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 250
Function: simplexml_load_file_from_url
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 3122
Function: getPubMedXML
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 575
Function: pubMedSearch_Global
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 489
Function: pubMedGetRelatedKeyword
File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once
Large vessel vasculitis, such as giant cell arteritis (GCA) and Takayasu arteritis (TAK) are primarily manifested on large and medium-sized arteries. While GCA mainly affects older people after the 6th decade of life onwards, TAK mainly affects young women under the age of 40 years. Glucocorticoids (GC) are still the standard treatment for both diseases. Refractory courses and relapses in particular often lead to long-term treatment with high cumulative doses of GC, which can lead to increased morbidity and mortality. To date, only the interleukin 6 (IL-6) receptor blocker tocilizumab has been approved for the treatment of GCA. The data on methotrexate and other conventional immunosuppressants are incomplete and in some cases contradictory. The early use of steroid-sparing immunosuppressants is recommended for TAK, although the number of randomized placebo-controlled trials is limited and no steroid-sparing treatment has yet been approved for TAK. For both diseases there is still a great need for modern and safe steroid-sparing treatment that effectively treats vasculitis, prevents damage and enables adequate disease monitoring. This article provides an overview of the current study situation and possible future treatment options for GCA and TAK.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00393-024-01563-2 | DOI Listing |
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