AI Article Synopsis
- Calcaneal osteomyelitis (CO) in children is a challenging condition to treat due to the unique structure of the calcaneus, and this study aims to analyze reported cases to better understand its clinical aspects and treatment outcomes.
- The systematic review included 42 studies with 128 pediatric patients, revealing a higher incidence in boys, with trauma as the main cause and Staphylococcus aureus as the most common infection.
- Over half of the patients required surgery, predominantly debridement, and while the recurrence of infection was low (6.8%), the study highlights the need for improved treatment methods moving forward.
Article Abstract
Background: Calcaneal osteomyelitis (CO) poses a formidable challenge in treatment due to the distinct anatomical structure and functional properties of the calcaneus. The present study endeavors to furnish a thorough and comprehensive understanding of the clinical manifestations, therapeutic strategies, and therapeutic outcomes pertaining to pediatric calcaneal osteomyelitis (PCO) by conducting a meticulous synthesis and analysis of cases reported in the literature.
Methods: A systematic search of the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases was conducted to identify English-language studies analyzing PCO between 2000 and 2021. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the National Institutes of Health (NIH) assessment scale. Effective data were extracted and analyzed.
Results: A total of 42 studies, encompassing 128 patients, fulfilled the established inclusion criteria. The gender distribution revealed a male-to-female ratio of 2:1 (81 boys and 40 girls). The median age at the time of diagnosis was 8 years, while the median duration of symptoms was 0.6 month. Trauma emerged as the primary etiology (41 cases, 54%), and limited activity was the most prevalent symptom (68 cases). The positive rate for pathogen culture was 75.4% (49/65), with Staphylococcus aureus being the most commonly isolated pathogen (28 cases, 57.1%). Surgical intervention was performed in 51% (64/126) of the patients, with debridement serving as the primary surgical strategy. The rate of infection recurrence was 6.8% (8/118), and the risk of below-knee amputation was 0.8% (1/124).
Conclusions: PCO occurred more frequently in male patients, with trauma being the primary underlying cause and Staphylococcus aureus being the most prevalent bacterial pathogen isolated. Over half of the patients underwent surgical intervention. Nonetheless, it is imperative that treatment strategies undergo further refinement, as approximately 7% of patients experienced infection recurrence.
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Source |
|---|---|
| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11409617 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12879-024-09887-9 | DOI Listing |
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