Gallic acid regulates primary root elongation via modulating auxin transport and signal transduction.

Front Plant Sci

Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Regional Plant Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement (CTGU)/Biotechnology Research Center, College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, China.

Published: September 2024

AI Article Synopsis

  • Gallic acid, a natural compound found in plants, has significant uses in medicine, food, and industry, but its effects on plant growth remain unclear.
  • This study shows that while low concentrations of gallic acid can promote primary root growth in Arabidopsis, high concentrations have the opposite effect, significantly reducing root length and size by inhibiting cell division.
  • The research indicates that high levels of gallic acid lower auxin levels in root tips, and that adding auxin can partially reverse the negative effects on root growth, highlighting the importance of auxin transport and signaling in this process.

Article Abstract

Gallic acid is an important secondary metabolite in plants, with great value in medicine, food, and chemical industry. However, whether and how this widely existing natural polyphenolic compound affects the growth and development of plants themselves remains elusive. In this study, we revealed that exogenous application of gallic acid has a dual effect on the elongation of primary root in Arabidopsis. While lower concentrations of gallic acid slightly stimulate primary root growth, excessive gallic acid profoundly reduces primary root length and root meristem size in a dose-dependent manner, probably via suppressing cell division in root meristem as indicated by . Moreover, as suggested by the line analysis and confirmed by the LC-MS assay, auxin contents in root tips were dramatically decreased upon excessive gallic acid treatment. Additional application of IAA partially rescued the shortened primary root and root meristem upon excessive gallic acid treatment, suggesting that auxin is required for excessive gallic acid-caused root growth inhibition. Then, we further revealed that excessive gallic acid down-regulated the expression of auxin transporters , , , and , and triple mutant exhibited a reduced sensitivity to gallic acid treatment. Meanwhile, excessive gallic acid decreased the degradation of AXR3/IAA17 protein as revealed by reporter line. Auxin signaling mutant and were also less sensitive to excessive gallic acid treatment in terms of primary root length and root meristem size. Taken together, these findings suggested that excessive gallic acid inhibits primary root growth by modulating auxin transport and signaling in Arabidopsis.

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Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11402708PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2024.1464053DOI Listing

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