Ontology-based inference decision support system for emergency response in tunnel vehicle accidents.

Emergency response plans for tunnel vehicle accidents are crucial to ensure human safety, protect critical infrastructure, and maintain the smooth operation of transportation networks. However, many decision-support systems for emergency responses still rely significantly on predefined response strategies, which may not be sufficiently flexible to manage unexpected or complex incidents. Moreover, existing systems may lack the ability to effectively respond effectively to the impact different emergency scenarios and responses. In this study, semantic web technologies were used to construct a digital decision-support system for emergency responses to tunnel vehicle accidents. A basic digital framework was developed by analysing the knowledge system of the tunnel emergency response, examining its critical elements and intrinsic relationships, and mapping it to the ontology. In addition, the strategies of previous pre-plans are summarised and transformed into semantic rules. Finally, different accident scenarios were modelled to validate the effectiveness of the developed emergency response system.