The significant rise in antidepressant consumption in recent years was accentuated by COVID-19 pandemic. Among these antidepressant, fluoxetine, a selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitor (SSRI), is the most prescribed worldwide. The present study investigated its bioaccumulation and metabolization in the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis, generally recognized as a reliable bioindicator for assessing environmental quality and the accumulation of various contaminants. Mussels were exposed to a nominal concentration of fluoxetine (3.1 μg/L) for 28 days. Mussels were sacrificed at day 2, 7, 14 and 28 of exposure. The order of accumulation level was gills > digestive glands > soft tissues, and a regular increase in fluoxetine and norfluoxetine was observed across the various sampling days for both digestive glands and soft tissues. The calculated bioconcentration factor (BCF) ranged from 253 at D2 to 1734 at D28 for fluoxetine, and pseudo-BCF from 7 at D2 to 64 at D28 for norfluoxetine. Non-targeted approaches highlighted ten metabolites, which are reported for the first time in Mytilus, in addition to norfluoxetine. Notably, this study highlighted two phase I metabolites and one phase II metabolite previously unreported. These findings contribute to the understanding of fluoxetine accumulation and metabolism in Mytilus and enhance the knowledge of pharmaceuticals detoxification processes in non-target organisms.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143314 | DOI Listing |
Mar Environ Res
December 2024
Biology Department, Loyola Marymount University, Los Angeles, CA, 90045, USA; Coastal Research Institute, Loyola Marymount University, Los Angeles, CA, 90045, USA.
J Hazard Mater
December 2024
Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal; Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), University of Aveiro, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal. Electronic address:
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are synthetic chemicals known for their persistence and bioaccumulation, leading to widespread environmental contamination. Despite their recognised environmental risks, particularly to aquatic wildlife, including marine invertebrates, detailed impact studies are limited. PFAS can be categorised according to the length of the compound chain, with short-chain PFAS announced as a safer alternative to the more commonly used long-chain PFAS.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBiol Trace Elem Res
December 2024
Deparment of Geomatics Engineering, Giresun University, Giresun, Türkiye.
In this study; fourteen potentially toxic elements (PTEs) levels are measured in Mytilus galloprovincialis (MG) and in Rapana venosa (RV) intensively consumed in eight cities on the Black Sea coast of Türkiye. Additionally, human health risk levels from mollusks species consumption were assessed using multiple approaches and by Geographical Information Systems, spatial distribution map of PTEs of the region was prepared. The average PTEs levels in the two mollusks species are listed in the following order: Fe > Al > Zn > Cu > As > Mn > B > Cd > Se > Ni > Cr > Pb > Co > Hg with the levels of 114.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnviron Pollut
December 2024
Department of Veterinary Sciences, Università di Pisa, Via Livornese (lato monte), Pisa, San Piero a Grado, 56122, Italy; Interuniversity Consortium of Marine Biology and Applied Ecology "G. Bacci" (CIBM), Viale N. Sauro 4, Livorno, 57128, Italy. Electronic address:
Human activity exposes organisms in marine ecosystems to numerous stressors, including rising seawater temperatures and antibiotic contamination. The present study investigated the impacts of environmentally relevant concentrations of the fluoroquinolone (FQ) antibiotic enrofloxacin (ENR), specifically 5 and 500 ng/L, in Mytilus galloprovincialis under ambient (20 °C) and predicted warming (25 °C) conditions after 14 days of exposure, followed by a 14-day recovery period in the absence of ENR. The chemical analyses revealed significant variability in bioaccumulation in mussel tissues.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Hazard Mater
December 2024
Key Laboratory of Coastal Biology and Biological Resource Utilization, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, PR China; Muping Coastal Environment Research Station, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong 264003, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao 266237, PR China. Electronic address:
Emerging challenges in marine environments include nanoplastics (NPs) pollution and coastal hypoxia. Although NPs toxicity in marine organisms is being increasingly documented, the complex interactions between coastal hypoxia and NPs remain largely unexplored. This study investigated the dual effects of polystyrene nanoplastics and different oxygen levels on redox homeostasis and bioenergetics in the marine model organism Mytilus galloprovincialis.
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