Crash type, a key contributory factor of crash injury severity level, is typically included in crash severity models as an explanatory variable. However, certain unobserved factors could influence both the crash type and crash injury severity simultaneously. As such, there could exist an endogenous effect of crash type on crash injury severity. The present paper investigates this hypothesis using data from highway ramp areas. These locations tend to be crash-prone because of the frequent lane changes and speed differentials associated with merging, diverging, and weaving of vehicles at those locations. Conventional approaches used in past ramp safety studies modeled crash type and crash injury severity separately, not addressing the endogenous effect of crash type on crash severity at these locations. In this study, a random parameter recursive bivariate probit model is proposed to model the crash type (hit-object and rollover) and crash injury severity at ramp areas simultaneously and to account for any endogenous effect of crash type. The study used highway crash data from ramp areas at highway located in North Carolina from 2016 to 2018. The results indicate that the proposed model can and does capture the endogenous effect of crash type. The likelihood of injury for a rollover crash would be underestimated if endogeneity were not considered. Other exogenous variables including aberrant driving behavior, safety belt, road surface condition, lighting condition, area type, crash location, and ramp type that affect the type and injury severity of crashes at highway ramp areas were identified. The exogenous variables that are significant only for the crash type, such as vehicle type, and speed limit, were detected to have indirect effects on the crash injury severity. Furthermore, the effects of individual heterogeneity of the explanatory variables are considered. Female drivers and old drivers are statistically significant in the means of random parameters. The findings shed light on the potential need and effectiveness of prospective traffic management and control measures to mitigate crash risk at highway ramp areas.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2024.107785 | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
Investigating the contributors to hit-and-run crashes using gradient boosting decision trees.
PLoS One
January 2025
School of Automobile and Traffic Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
A classification prediction model is established based on a nonlinear method-Gradient Boosting Decision Tree (GBDT) to investigate the factors contributing to a perpetrator's escape behavior in hit-and-run crashes. Given the U.S.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTraumatic head injuries in children: demographics, injury patterns, and outcomes in Saudi Arabia.
Int J Emerg Med
January 2025
Trauma Centre, King Saud Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Background: Traumatic head injuries (THIs) are among the leading cause of mortality and intensive care unit (ICU) admission in children worldwide. Most of the published literature concerning THIs arises predominantly from North America and Europe. However, only limited data about the incidence, characteristics and impact on children in Saudi Arabia exists.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChanges in the helicopter medical service system of L'Aquila (Italy), after the fatal helicopter crash on Monte Cefalone (January 24, 2017). A retrospective study.
Heliyon
December 2024
Department of Clinical Medicine, Public Health, Life Sciences and the Environment, Piazzale Salvatore Tommasi, 67100, Coppito, L'Aquila, Italy.
Introduction: The use of helicopter emergency medical services is useful for rescuing or transporting highly time-dependent disease patients, from urban remote areas or harsh environments in the hospital, providing advanced pre-hospital life support in an emergency setting.
Study Objective: This study aims to identify changes in mission characteristics, crew composition, and operational procedures within the helicopter emergency medical service (HEMS) system of L'Aquila, Italy, to identify operational patterns, mission characteristics, crew composition and patient outcomes over time, with specific attention to changes implemented after the Monte Cefalone incident.
Methods: Changes in the characteristics of the rescued patients, the helicopter missions, the crew members and the type of interventions were analysed.
Exploring safety effects on urban expressway diverging areas: crash risk estimation considering extreme conflict types.
Int J Inj Contr Saf Promot
December 2024
School of Transportation Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China.
Previous research solely employed a single type of conflict extremes for crash estimation, without considering the joint impact of multiple types of conflict extremes on crash risk. Therefore, two analysis frameworks based on conflict extremes were proposed: separate modeling and cooperative modeling. Based on the trajectories from five diverging areas, longitudinal and lateral conflicts were extracted.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFExamining the injury severity of public bus-taxi crashes: a random parameters logistic model with heterogeneity in means approach.
Int J Inj Contr Saf Promot
December 2024
School of Civil Engineering and Transportation, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
Public buses and taxis play crucial roles in urban transportation. Ensuring their safety is of paramount importance to develop sustainable communities. This study investigated the significant factors contributing to the injury severity of bus-taxi crashes, using the crash data recorded by the police in Hong Kong from 2009 to 2019.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWant AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!