Oral cancer is the most common malignancy in many developing countries, such as India, due to increased consumption of smokeless tobacco. The trace elemental components in commercially packaged forms of tobacco can play a significant role in the pathogenesis of oral cancer. To qualitatively assess the trace elements in various types of commercially packaged forms of tobacco using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). Two popular varieties of 'Paan masala' that contained a mixture of slaked lime with areca nut, catechu, and other flavouring agents (tobacco was absent) and four types of packaged tobacco were obtained from 'Paan' shops. The contents in the packets were made into pellets using a hydraulic press and subjected to elemental analysis using LIBS. A ten-trial experiment was carried out on all six pellets. The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) database was used to assess the emission lines. The elements obtained from commercially packaged tobacco and Paan masala were similar: calcium (Ca), iron (Fe), aluminium (Al), nickel (Ni), and chromium (Cr). Substances that cause DNA damage and carcinogenesis are inorganic elements such as nickel. Our study revealed that carcinogens such as nickel are present in the commercially packaged forms of tobacco and 'Paan masala' samples.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-72619-1 | DOI Listing |
Int J Biol Macromol
December 2024
School of Mechanical Engineering, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu City 610106, China. Electronic address:
Chitosan is a bio-based material that is more environmentally friendly than traditional petroleum-based materials, but its biofilms often suffer from brittleness and limited antioxidant and antibacterial properties. To overcome these challenges, chemically modified chitosan is a key solution. Herein, a novel CS-LA/CHA films were prepared through a radical reaction of chitosan (CS), lipoic acid/chalcone derivative (LA/CHA) and N,N-methylene bisacrylamide (MBA).
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December 2024
University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK; National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, Birmingham, UK; Centre for Patient Reported Outcomes Research, School of Health Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Birmingham, UK; University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK. Electronic address:
Without careful dissection of the ways in which biases can be encoded into artificial intelligence (AI) health technologies, there is a risk of perpetuating existing health inequalities at scale. One major source of bias is the data that underpins such technologies. The STANDING Together recommendations aim to encourage transparency regarding limitations of health datasets and proactive evaluation of their effect across population groups.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Neurol
December 2024
Department of Neurology, Huizhou Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Huizhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Huizhou, Guangdong, China.
Background: Ischemic stroke (IS) is a significant global health issue, causing high rates of morbidity, mortality, and disability. Since conventional Diagnosis methods for IS have several shortcomings. It is critical to create new Diagnosis models in order to enhance existing Diagnosis approaches.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Immunol
December 2024
Department of Ophthalmology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
Background: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a major complication of diabetes, leading to severe vision impairment. Understanding the molecular mechanisms, particularly PANoptosis, underlying DR is crucial for identifying potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets. This study aims to identify differentially expressed PANoptosis-related genes (DE-PRGs) in DR, offering insights into the disease's pathogenesis and potential diagnostic tools.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFungal Biol Biotechnol
December 2024
Department of Chemical, Biochemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland, Baltimore County (UMBC), 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD, 21250, USA.
Mycelial materials are an emerging, natural material made from filamentous fungi that have the potential to replace unsustainable materials used in numerous commercial applications (e.g., packaging, textiles, construction).
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