Modulation of the antioxidant enzyme paraoxonase-1 for protection against cardiovascular diseases.

Aim: The enzyme paraoxonase 1 (PON1) bound to high-density lipoprotein has received special attention for its protective role against stress-mediated damage and use as a potential regulatory target in atherosclerosis and related vascular diseases.

Data Synthesis: We present an overview of the literature on PON1 activity and mRNA levels by investigating its modulation for clinical translations. Specifically, the expression of PON1 and its regulated activity can be modified in different ways with natural substances, drugs, and lifestyle factors thar affect the development of atherosclerosis.

Conclusions: The endothelial contribution of PON1 to overcome differences considering an individual's disease development risk is supported by polymorphism interaction data and the susceptibility to modify PON1 responses in chronic events composed by biological and environmental factors.