State-of-the-Art Metagenomic Sequencing and Its Role in the Diagnosis of Periprosthetic Joint Infections.

Metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) is increasingly being recognized as a valuable diagnostic tool for periprosthetic joint infections (PJIs). This study reviews the diagnostic utility of mNGS, highlighting its improved sensitivity in detecting pathogens, particularly in culture-negative and polymicrobial infections. However, the clinical application of this method is hindered by challenges such as the prevalence of host DNA, the necessity for extensive bioinformatic analysis, and the potential for contamination, which can lead to misinterpretation of results. As mNGS continues to evolve, it holds significant potential to improve the management of PJI and enhance the application of precision medicine in orthopedic infections.