This study examined the effects of different response-speed requirements on resistance to change. Undergraduates were exposed to a simulated scenario aiming to destroy pollution sources by clicking on moving targets. During baseline, a multiple variable interval (VI) 15 s VI 15 s was in effect. Points (100) served as reinforcers. In the Low-Speed Component, the response button moved across the computer screen at a speed of 30 % of the screen length per second. In the High-Speed Component, the response button moved across the computer screen at a speed of 60 % of the screen length per second. A VI 10 s of point loss (-95) disrupted responding during the test. Behavioral resistance was calculated as proportional changes from baseline response rates to test response rates. When the point-loss disrupted responding, greater resistance was observed in the Low-Speed Component, corroborating previous studies with other dimensions of physical requirements.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.beproc.2024.105098 | DOI Listing |
Sci Robot
January 2025
Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
Aerial insects are exceptionally agile and precise owing to their small size and fast neuromotor control. They perform impressive acrobatic maneuvers when evading predators, recovering from wind gust, or landing on moving objects. Flapping-wing propulsion is advantageous for flight agility because it can generate large changes in instantaneous forces and torques.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPLoS One
January 2025
Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Departamento de Biología y Geografía, Universidad de Oriente, Santiago de Cuba, Cuba.
Climate change is a global environmental threat, directly affecting biodiversity. Terrestrial gastropods are particularly susceptible to alterations in temperature and humidity and have develop morph-physiological and behavioural adaptations in this regard. Shell colour polymorphism and its potential implication for thermoresistance constitute an unexplored field in Neotropical land snails.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFStem Cells
January 2025
Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX13QX, UK.
The large majority of Alzheimer's disease (AD) cases are sporadic with unknown genetic causes. In contrast, only a small percentage of AD cases are familial, with known genetic causes. Paradoxically, there are only few validated mouse models of sporadic AD but many of familial AD.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Appl Physiol (1985)
January 2025
School of Kinesiology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.
The compliant nature of cerebral blood vessels may represent an important mechanical protection for sustained cerebral perfusion during reductions in arterial blood pressure (ABP). However, whether the rise in cerebrovascular compliance (Ci) with falling ABP persists and exhibits a threshold effect remains unknown. Therefore, we analyzed Ci changes during graded head-up tilt (HUT) in individuals with autonomic failure (AF), a group that tolerates graded and progressive reductions in ABP.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDiscov Nano
January 2025
Department of Mathematics and Physics "Ennio De Giorgi", University of Salento, Via Arnesano, 73100, Lecce, LE, Italy.
Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women, with over 1 million new cases and around 400,000 deaths annually worldwide. This makes it a significant and costly global health challenge. Standard treatments like chemotherapy and radiotherapy, often used after mastectomy, show varying effectiveness based on the cancer subtype.
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