Background: Prostate cancer is one of the most common malignancies in men worldwide, and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening is widely used for its early detection. Drug use may affect PSA levels, but the effect for most drugs is currently unknown.
Methods: This study first investigated drugs related to PSA changes through the Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERs) database, and then used a Mendelian randomization (MR) method to explore the causal relationship between specific drugs and PSA changes using a genome-wide association study (GWAS) data. The statistical analysis software SAS and R were used in the study.
Results: Through analysis of the FAERs database, 22 drugs were found to be associated with an increase in PSA, and 14 drugs were associated with a decrease in PSA. MR analysis showed that the use of tamsulosin may lead to an increase in PSA. Heterogeneity test, horizontal pleiotropy test and leave-one-out Analysis verified the stability of the results. MR analyses for other drugs did not show statistical significance.
Conclusion: This study provided a basis for better understanding the impact of medications on prostate health, helping to avoid overdiagnosis or underdiagnosis of high-risk patients. However, research still requires larger-scale validation and in-depth exploration.
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