Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Dietary Pentadecanoic Fatty Acid Supplementation on Inflammatory Bowel Disease in SAMP1/YitFc Mice.

Background/objectives: Dietary fats have been linked to the increasing incidence of chronic diseases, including inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), namely, Crohn's disease (CD).

Methods: This study investigated the impact of pentadecanoic acid (C15:0), a type of an odd-numbered chain saturated fatty acid, for its potential anti-inflammatory properties in different mouse models of experimental IBD using the SAMP1/YitFc (SAMP) mouse line (14- or 24-week-old), including chronic ileitis and DSS-induced colitis. To quantitively assess the effect of C:15, we tested two dosages of C:15 in selected experiments in comparison to control mice. Intestinal inflammation and intestinal permeability were used as primary outcomes.

Results: In ileitis, C:15 supplementation showed an anti-inflammatory effect in SAMP mice (e.g., a reduction in ileitis severity vs. control < 0.0043), which was reproducible when mice were tested in the DSS model of colitis (e.g., reduced permeability vs. control < 0.0006). Of relevance, even the short-term C:15 therapy prevented colitis in mice by maintaining body weight, decreasing inflammation, preserving gut integrity, and alleviating colitis signs.

Conclusions: Collectively, the findings from both ileitis and colitis in SAMP mice indicate that C:15 may have therapeutic effects in the treatment of IBD (colitis in the short term). This promising effect has major translational potential for the alleviation of IBD in humans.