Antimicrobial Resistance in Sepsis Cases Due to and : Pre-Pandemic Insights from a Single Center in Southwestern Romania.

Unlabelled: Sepsis is an uncontrolled reaction of the body to an infection, and if not effectively treated, it can progress to septic shock, multiple organ failure, and ultimately, death.

Objective: To determine the resistance profile of () and () strains isolated in sepsis cases diagnosed at the Infectious Diseases Clinic in Craiova, Romania.

Methods: The bacteria responsible for sepsis cases were identified using the Vitek 2 Systems version 06.01, which was then employed to assess their antimicrobial susceptibility (Global CLSI and Phenotypic 2017).

Results: We have identified 989 patients diagnosed with bacterial sepsis. Among these, 953 cases were caused by Gram-negative rods, with 415 attributed to and 278 to High levels of resistance to ampicillin were recorded for strains isolated in sepsis cases (64.6%); adding sulbactam lowers the level of resistance to 41.8%. Resistance to 3rd generation cephalosporins varied between 7.47 and 14.6% and another 3.41 to 11.1% are dose-dependent susceptibility strains. Resistance to carbapenems (i.e., ertapenem, meropenem) is low-2.18-2.42%. More than 95% of the tested strains were resistant to ampicillin and adding sulbactam as a β-lactamase inhibitor only halves that level. Resistance to 3rd generation cephalosporins varied between 20.7% and 22.5%; resistance levels for were notably higher than those for . Over 95% of strains showed resistance to ampicillin, and resistance to 3rd generation cephalosporins varied between 20.7% and 22.5%. Additionally, exhibited higher resistance to carbapenems (13.7-19.5%) compared to (2.18-2.42%).

Conclusions: Antimicrobial resistance levels are generally lower than continental and national data, except for ampicillin and carbapenems (meropenem and ertapenem). strains are significantly more resistant than strains.