Unlocking the Secrets of Adipose Tissue: How an Obesity-Associated Secretome Promotes Osteoblast Dedifferentiation via TGF-β1 Signaling, Paving the Path to an Adipogenic Phenotype. | LitMetric
Laboratory of Cellular & Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Cell Biology, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes (IBRAG), Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20551-030, Brazil.
Published: August 2024
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Article Abstract
Background: Obesity poses a significant global health challenge, given its association with the excessive accumulation of adipose tissue (AT) and various systemic disruptions. Within the adipose microenvironment, expansion and enrichment with immune cells trigger the release of inflammatory mediators and growth factors, which can disrupt tissues, including bones. While obesity's contribution to bone loss is well established, the direct impact of obese AT on osteoblast maturation remains uncertain. This study aimed to explore the influence of the secretomes from obese and lean AT on osteoblast differentiation and activity.
Methods: SAOS-2 cells were exposed to the secretomes obtained by culturing human subcutaneous AT from individuals with obesity (OATS) or lean patients, and their effects on osteoblasts were evaluated.
Results: In the presence of the OATS, mature osteoblasts underwent dedifferentiation, showing an increased proliferation accompanied by a morphological shift towards a mesenchymal phenotype, with detrimental effects on osteogenic markers and the calcification capacity. Concurrently, the OATS promoted the expression of mesenchymal and adipogenic markers, inducing the formation of cytoplasmic lipid droplets in SAOS-2 cells exposed to an adipogenic differentiation medium. Additionally, TGF-β1 emerged as a key mediator of these effects, as the OATS was enriched with this growth factor.
Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate that obese subcutaneous AT promotes the dedifferentiation of osteoblasts and increases the adipogenic profile in these cells.
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Department of Hand and Foot Microsurgery, The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
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