Cranioplasty is a reconstructive neurosurgical procedure that fixes the cranial bone defects after the craniotomy for brain surgeries like tumours, aneurysms, arterio-venous malformations, subdural empyemas and hematomas. Personalized 3D-printed implants offer various advantages, including anatomical accuracy, functional restoration, time-sparing surgery, excellent cosmetic outcomes through their impeccable adjustment to cranial vault defects, and better clinical outcomes. PEEK has a meritorious profile in terms of high success rate, low complication rate, fracture resistance and low toxicity profile, high strength, high toughness, and excellent biocompatibility in cranioplasty. On the other hand, the need for more cost-effective yet ideal biomaterials must be met for nations and patients with financial constraints. Nevertheless, this additively manufactured 3D-printed cranial implant marks the dawn of a new era in precision and personalized neurosurgery.
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