Cultured fecal microbial community and its impact as fecal microbiota transplantation treatment in mice gut inflammation.

The fecal microbiome is identical to the gut microbial communities and provides an easy access to the gut microbiome. Therefore, fecal microbial transplantation (FMT) strategies have been used to alter dysbiotic gut microbiomes with healthy fecal microbiota, successfully alleviating various metabolic disorders, such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, the success of FMT treatment is donor-dependent and variations in gut microbes cannot be avoided. This problem may be overcome by using a cultured fecal microbiome. In this study, a human fecal microbiome was cultured using five different media; growth in brain heart infusion (BHI) media resulted in the highest microbial community cell count. The microbiome (16S rRNA) data demonstrated that the cultured microbial communities were similar to that of the original fecal sample. Therefore, the BHI-cultured fecal microbiome was selected for cultured FMT (cFMT). Furthermore, a dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced mice-IBD model was used to confirm the impact of cFMT. Results showed that cFMT effectively alleviated IBD-associated symptoms, including improved gut permeability, restoration of the inflamed gut epithelium, decreased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-1, IL-6, IL-12, and IL-17), and increased expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4 and IL-10). Thus, study's findings suggest that cFMT can be a potential alternative to nFMT. KEY POINTS: • In vitro fecal microbial communities were grown in a batch culture using five different media. • Fecal microbial transplantation was performed on DSS-treated mice using cultured and normal fecal microbes. • Cultured fecal microbes effectively alleviated IBD-associated symptoms.