Introduction: In this prospective cohort study over 40 years we investigated the effect of childhood attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and subthreshold ADHD on cognitive performance in adulthood.
Methods: The cohort comprised individuals with mild perinatal risks. Childhood ADHD group (cADHD, = 39) was compared to a group with subthreshold childhood attention or hyperactivity symptoms (cAP; = 79), a group with similar perinatal risks but no ADHD symptoms ( = 255), and to controls without ADHD symptoms or perinatal risks ( = 69). The groups were assessed with multiple neuropsychological measures in domains of verbal reasoning, perceptual skills, memory, working memory, attention, executive functions, and speed. Group-level differences and frequencies of deficient functioning were analyzed.
Results: Overall, the groups' performance differed in all cognitive domains at age 40. Verbal reasoning, perceptual skills, memory, and speed had the largest effect sizes (0.51-0.62). The cADHD group's performance was lower than the other groups' on 13 out of 21 measures. The cAP group performed poorer than controls on five measures. In the cADHD group, 23% had three or more deficient cognitive domains, compared to 4-6% in the other groups.
Discussion: Childhood ADHD is associated with impaired cognitive functioning in adulthood on several cognitive domains whereas childhood subthreshold ADHD is linked to fewer cognitive deficits. Task complexity was linked to poorer performance within the ADHD group. Our results add to the scarce longitudinal evidence of cognitive outcomes related to childhood ADHD and subthreshold symptoms.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
---|---|
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11391087 | PMC |
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1393642 | DOI Listing |
BMC Pediatr
January 2025
Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Children's Medical Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
Background: Most previous studies have focused on the clinical efficacy after intervention of ESDM, particularly in core symptoms. However, only a few have paid attention to the effectiveness of ESDM on emotional dysregulation and behavior problems in children with ASD. This study aimed to explore the effect of the ESDM on addressing emotional dysregulation and behavior problems in children with ASD in China, as well as its correlation with core symptoms of ASD.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInfant Behav Dev
January 2025
Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, USA.
Background: Early intervention is effective for reducing ADHD symptoms and related impairments, yet methods of identifying young children in need of services are lacking. Most early predictors of ADHD previously identified are of limited clinical utility. This study examines several theoretically relevant predictors of ADHD in infancy and toddlerhood and whether assessment at multiple time points improves prediction.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAlzheimers Dement
December 2024
Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
Background: Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by cognitive deficits (e.g., challenges sustaining attention, distractibility).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Neuropsychol
January 2025
Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Türkiye.
This study aims to demonstrate that children and adolescents diagnosed with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) who exhibit autism traits have a more severe clinical profile in terms of emotion regulation, clinical features related to ADHD, and functionality, compared to those diagnosed with ADHD without these traits. 50 patients with and 64 patients without autism traits between the ages of 8-16 were recruited for the study among the children and adolescents diagnosed with ADHD. The Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children-Present and Lifetime Version, DSM-5-2016-Turkish Adaptation (K-SADS-PL-DSM-5-T) was used to exclude the diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and detect comorbid psychiatric diagnosis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Psychiatry
December 2024
Research Center for Child Mental Development, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan.
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!