By now a consensus has emerged that people, when subjected to high-stakes decisions through automated decision systems, have a moral right to have these decisions explained to them. However, furnishing such explanations can be costly. So the right to an explanation creates what we call the cost problem: providing subjects of automated decisions with appropriate explanations of the grounds of these decisions can be costly for the companies and organisations that use these automated decision systems. In this paper, we explore whether large language models could prove significant in overcoming the cost problem. We provide an initial case for believing that they can but only with serious ethical costs.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jme-2023-109737 | DOI Listing |
Appl Health Econ Health Policy
January 2025
Department of Health Economics, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Bydgoszcz, Poland.
Aim: To systematically review the evidence on productivity losses due to health problems arising from the COVID-19 pandemic based on evidence from population-level studies.
Methods: Following PRISMA statement, we conducted a systematic review using Medline, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, EconLit, WHO COVID-19 Research and EuropePMC databases and a grey literature search. We included population-level studies using secondary data and qualitatively assessed eligible studies.
Anat Sci Educ
January 2025
Division of Macroscopic and Clinical Anatomy, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
This study describes the process of developing a high-impact, low-cost, and low-maintenance air ventilation system for anatomy facilities. It employed the strategic application of Value Engineering (VE), assuring that the air ventilation system meets contemporary threshold limit values (TLVs) for formaldehyde in the working zone of dissection tables. A creative-innovative construction methodology was used, combining the Theory of Inventive Problem Solving (TRIZ/TIPS) and VE for an anatomy laboratory air ventilation concept.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCommun Math Phys
January 2025
School of Mathematics and Statistics, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072 China.
We show that the communication cost of quantum broadcast channel simulation under free entanglement assistance between the sender and the receivers is asymptotically characterized by an efficiently computable single-letter formula in terms of the channel's multipartite mutual information. Our core contribution is a new one-shot achievability result for multipartite quantum state splitting via multipartite convex splitting. As part of this, we face a general instance of the quantum joint typicality problem with arbitrarily overlapping marginals.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBiophys Rev (Melville)
March 2025
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Dhaka University of Engineering & Technology, Gazipur 1707, Bangladesh.
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is recognized as a developing global epidemic responsible for a significant burden of morbidity and mortality. To counter this public health crisis, the advancement of artificial intelligence (AI)-aided tools and methodologies for the effective detection and monitoring of AF is becoming increasingly apparent. A unified strategy from the international research community is essential to develop effective intelligent tools and technologies to support the health professionals for effective surveillance and defense against AF.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFActa Med Philipp
December 2024
Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Philippine General Hospital, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines.
Objectives: PhilHealth's present health benefit scheme is largely centered on in-patient services. This inadvertently incentivizes hospital admissions for increased access to benefit coverage. To address this problem, this study proposes a costing method to comprehensively finance outpatient care.
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