Effect of the flow-force relationships used in two parameter modelling of freezing and vitrification protocols for bovine embryos.

Cells may become damaged by strong volume changes and related intracellular changes during slow freezing or vitrification. These osmotic events can be modelled mathematically, using descriptions of transmembrane flow of solute and water. We compared different variants of an often used 2-parameter (2P) formalism in fitting of an empirical shrink-swell curve of a bovine embryo in 5 vol% glycerol, and in simulations of CPA loading and removal in a vitrification protocol. In its original form, the 2P model uses a flow-force relationship for the flux of CPA that is not analogous to that for water (asymmetrical), but in the other variants used, the flow-force relationships for water and CPA are analogous to each other (symmetrical). The effect of used model on estimated values for L and P in 5 vol% glycerol was small. Also the effect on shrinking and swelling in vitrification media was small, but the original 2P model predicted stronger swelling of embryos during one-step CPA removal. One variant that we compared simply assumes Raoult's law, i.e. M = m, even in very concentrated solutions We conclude that this simple model is easy and appropriate for simulating osmotic events of embryos. But if a method for correcting for the deviation from Raoult's law is used, a symmetrical model seems more appropriate than the original (asymmetrical) 2P model.