Objectives: Thyroid hormone (TH) deficiency during pregnancy may affect cardiovascular function in offspring rats. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of TH deficiency during gestation, on the electrocardiogram indices of young and middle-aged offspring of male rats.
Methods: Eight female rats were equally divided into hypothyroid and control groups. The hypothyroid mothers received 0.025% 6-propyl-2-thiouracil (PTU) in drinking water throughout pregnancy, while control mothers consumed only tap water. Following birth, male rats from each group were observed for 4 months (young age) and 12 months (middle-aged). The group known as fetal hypothyroid (FH) consisted of rats born from hypothyroid mothers. The serum T4 and TSH concentrations from mothers and newborn male rats were assayed at the end of gestation. Lead II electrocardiogram (ECG) was recorded for 5 minutes using Power Lab, AD Instruments.
Results: There was a significant rise in the P wave voltage in young FH rats, whereas, it was decreased in middle-aged control and FH rats. The voltage of QRS decreased and its duration increased in the young and middle-aged FH rats compared to the corresponding control groups. Duration and voltage of the T wave were significantly altered in the young and middle-aged FH groups. PR and QT intervals significantly increased in the young and middle-aged FH groups compared to their controls.
Conclusions: Maternal hypothyroidism affected the electrocardiogram indices of offspring rats, possibly signaling cardiovascular problems later in life.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.62347/TJQW7926 | DOI Listing |
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Field Service - South East and London, UK Health Security Agency, London, UK.
Shiga toxin-producing (STEC) infections are of public health concern as STEC can cause large national foodborne outbreaks of severe gastrointestinal disease, particularly in the young and elderly. In recent years, the implementation of PCR by diagnostic microbiology laboratories has improved the detection of STEC, and there has been an increase in notifications of cases of non-O157 STEC. However, the extent this increase in caseload can be attributed to the improved detection by PCR, or a true increase in non-O157 STEC infections, is unknown.
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Ever since de Saussure [Course in General Lingustics (Columbia University Press, 1916)], theorists of language have assumed that the relation between form and meaning of words is arbitrary. However, recently, a body of empirical research has established that language is embodied and contains iconicity. Sound symbolism, an intrinsic link language users perceive between word sound and properties of referents, is a representative example of iconicity in language and has offered profound insights into theories of language pertaining to language processing, language acquisition, and evolution.
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