Deep learning-based energy prediction and tangent search remora optimization-based secure multi-path data communication mechanism in WSN.

Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) has been exploited in numerous regions which can be hardly accessed by humans. However, it is essential to convey the information accumulated by the sensing devices or nodes to the Base Station (BS) for further processing. Multipath routing protocols are found to address these challenges and provide reliable communication. This paper aims to find an optimal path to the gateway with minimum energy consumption and reduced error rate while meeting the end-to-end delay requirements. In this research, an effective multipath routing based on energy prediction and hybrid optimization is developed. Here, a Deep Q-Network (DQN) is applied to predict the energy, and the process is augmented by the usage of a proposed Tangent Search Remora Optimization (TSRO) algorithm. Further, the multipath routing is executed using the TSRO algorithm, considering a fitness function formulated using various factors, like residual energy, distance, throughput, reliability, trust factors, predicted energy, Link Life Time (LLT), delay, and traffic intensity. The devised TSRO-routing is scrutinized for its competence based on trust, throughput, energy, distance, and delay and has achieved superior values of energy of 0.402 J, throughput at 25.056Mbps, trust at 84.975, and minimal distance of 29.964 m, and delay of 0.750 ms.