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Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Fexofenadine: A Systematic Review.
Pharmaceutics
December 2024
Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan.
Fexofenadine hydrochloride is a widely prescribed drug for treating histamine-mediated allergic reactions. This review systematically collates existing research on the clinical pharmacokinetics (PK) of fexofenadine, with a copious emphasis on examining the impact of stereoisomerism, disease states, and drug interactions. The search engines PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar, and Cochrane were scanned systematically for articles concerning the clinical PK of fexofenadine in humans.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFExploration of molecular interactions responsible for anti-inflammatory attributes of GI friendly micro-sized formulation of flurbiprofen and clove oil.
Inflammopharmacology
January 2025
Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, 63100, Pakistan.
Clove oil obtained from Syzygium aromaticum (L.) is traditionally employed to treat inflammation associated with rheumatism, gastric disorders, and as an analgesic. Chemo-herbal combinations are known to have potent anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects, while mitigating the drug related side effects.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFApplications of basophil activation test in paediatric allergic diseases.
World Allergy Organ J
December 2024
Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Allergy and Pulmonology Unit, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.
Basophilic granulocytes, containing and releasing histamine after a specific allergy stimulation, are directly involved in IgE-mediated allergic reactions. CD63 is a transmembrane protein of secretory lysosomes of basophils and its upregulation is related with the release of histamine to the extracellular space during IgE-mediated allergic reactions. Basophil activation test (BAT) measures the activation of circulating basophils upon the stimulation of living blood cells with specific allergens.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCluster Headache and Hypoxia: Breathing New Life into an Old Theory, with Novel Implications.
Neurol Int
December 2024
Department of Psychology, University of Maine, 301 Williams Hall, Orono, ME 04469-5742, USA.
Cluster headache is a severe, poorly understood disorder for which there are as yet virtually no rationally derived treatments. Here, Lee Kudrow's 1983 theory, that cluster headache is an overly zealous response to hypoxia, is updated according to current understandings of hypoxia detection, signaling, and sensitization. It is shown that the distinctive clinical characteristics of cluster headache (circadian timing of attacks and circannual patterning of bouts, autonomic symptoms, and agitation), risk factors (cigarette smoking; male gender), triggers (alcohol; nitroglycerin), genetic findings (GWAS studies), anatomical substrate (paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus, solitary tract nucleus/NTS, and trigeminal nucleus caudalis), neurochemical features (elevated levels of galectin-3, nitric oxide, tyramine, and tryptamine), and responsiveness to treatments (verapamil, lithium, melatonin, prednisone, oxygen, and histamine desensitization) can all be understood in terms of hypoxic signaling.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFUncovering the mechanisms underlying the efficacy of probiotic strains in mitigating food allergies: an emphasis on gut microbiota and indoleacrylic acid.
Front Nutr
December 2024
Children's ENT Department, Affiliated Children's Hospital of Jiangnan University (Wuxi Children's Hospital), Wuxi, China.
Food allergies manifest as systemic or digestive allergic responses induced by food allergens, and their progression has been demonstrated to be intimately associated with the host's gut microbiota. Our preceding investigation has revealed that the probiotic strains CCFM1189 and CCFM1190 possess the capability to mitigate the symptoms of food allergy in mice. However, the underlying mechanisms and material foundations through which these probiotic strains exert their effects remain enigmatic.
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