AI Article Synopsis
- * Motivations and Masculinity: Common motivations for surgery included improving appearance and self-esteem, with some seeking to enhance their sexual success or masculinity, linking these desires to traditional masculine norms.
- * Research significance: The findings suggest a relationship between men's conformity to traditional masculinity ideologies and their choices regarding cosmetic procedures, indicating that such surgeries may be used to express power and dominance in a competitive social environment.
Article Abstract
Unlabelled: In western countries, men are increasingly using cosmetic surgery. However, despite this trend, there remains a dearth of information on the prevalence, acceptance, and motivations behind men's use of cosmetic surgery. Furthermore, the potential association between men's use of cosmetic surgery and in particular male-specific cosmetic surgery procedures such as head hair transplant or penis enlargement and traditional masculinity ideologies (TMI) has not been investigated so far. For this purpose, a cross-sectional anonymous online survey was conducted among 241 self-identifying men aged 18 years or older from the German-speaking part of Europe. Participants responded to questions about cosmetic surgery use and experiences, and completed the Conformity to Masculine Norms Inventory-Short Form (CMNI-SF) and the Male Role Norms Inventory-Short Form (MRNI-SF) questionnaires to assess conformity with and endorsement of TMI. Of the 241 men investigated, 47 (19.5%) had undergone cosmetic surgery. The most common types of cosmetic surgeries reported were wrinkle treatment, eyelid correction, and head-hair transplant. Penis enlargement procedures were reported by three (6.4%) of the 47 men who had undergone cosmetic surgery. The main reasons for undergoing surgery were to feel better (72.3%) and look better (55.3%), while to increase sexual success (17.0%) and to increase manliness (14.9%) were also reported. Logistic regression models showed that higher conformity to TMI (CMNI-SF) was associated with higher odds of having undergone cosmetic surgery. The results highlight the overall increase in men's cosmetic surgery use and its specific characteristics. The significant positive association between conformity to TMI and men's use of cosmetic surgery suggests that men increasingly use cosmetic surgery as a means to assert power, success, dominance, and sexual success.
Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s44202-024-00230-6.
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|---|---|
| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11379790 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s44202-024-00230-6 | DOI Listing |
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