Children around the world are continuing to develop and suffer from chronic lung diseases such as asthma. Childhood asthma commonly presents with recurrent episodes of cough, shortness of breath, and wheezing, all of which can lead to missed school days and hospitalization admissions. The role of environmental pollutants and aeroallergens has been increasingly recognized in relation to asthma etiology. We showcase the impacts of air pollution and pollen exposures in early life on childhood asthma and allergies through an epidemiologic perspective. We also examine the effects of indoor microbial exposures such as endotoxin and glucan on allergic diseases in schoolchildren as many spend most of their time in a household or classroom setting. Findings of this work can assist in the identification of key environmental factors in critical life periods and improve clinicians' diagnoses of asthma during early childhood.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/falgy.2024.1445207 | DOI Listing |
Medicina (Kaunas)
November 2024
Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
Dysbiosis of the gastrointestinal tract is the most common cause of disease in childhood and adulthood. The formation of the intestinal microbiome begins in utero, and composition modification during life depends mainly on various genetic, nutritional, and environmental factors. The main cause of intestinal dysbiosis is improper nutrition due to a short period of breastfeeding, insufficient intake of fresh fruits and vegetables, and/or consumption of a large amount of processed food.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChildren (Basel)
December 2024
Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 13317, Saudi Arabia.
A comprehensive review and meta-analysis were conducted with the purpose of determining the extent to which asthma is prevalent among children in Saudi Arabia. This was done with the intention of addressing the dearth of data at the national level regarding this significant health concern. The study included data from PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar for the period 2015-2024, focusing on studies that reported the prevalence of asthma among children in the country.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChildren (Basel)
December 2024
Tasmanian Health Service-Northwest, Burnie, TAS 7320, Australia.
Background/objectives: The COVID-19 pandemic created many challenges for health services, particularly during lockdown periods. Asthma is one of the most common childhood conditions, and children with asthma are generally cared for in an outpatient setting. In regional Northwest Tasmania, during the COVID-19 lockdowns, asthma and allergy outpatient clinic services were transferred to a virtual platform in the form of telehealth appointments for routine consultations.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDiagnostics (Basel)
December 2024
Department of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Umraniye Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul 34764, Turkey.
Background: This study aims to evaluate the relationship between the number of visits to a pediatric emergency department due to asthma attacks and air pollutants.
Methods: In this ecological study, all pediatric patients who visited the pediatric emergency department of a tertiary hospital in Istanbul with asthma between January 2016 and December 2023 were included. The effect of air pollution on the number of patient visits was analyzed using a negative binomial regression model.
Genes (Basel)
December 2024
Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch (BCBB), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), NIH, Durham, NC 27709, USA.
Background: Emerging literature indicates that the microbiome and its byproducts, such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), play an important role in childhood diseases such as allergies and asthma. Specifically, there is evidence suggesting that SCFAs play a critical role in fetal immunoprogramming during the late saccular phase of fetal lung development. An increase in acetate during the late saccular phase is known to play a critical role in inhibiting histone deacetylases (HDACs), resulting in a cascade of events, including Treg immune regulation, involved in fetal immunoprogramming, and reduction in the asthma phenotype.
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