Investigating cutaneous tuberculosis and nontuberculous mycobacterial infections a Department of Dermatology, Beijing, China: a comprehensive clinicopathological analysis.

Front Cell Infect Microbiol

Department of Dermatology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases, Beijing, China.

Published: September 2024

AI Article Synopsis

  • This study analyzes 103 patients diagnosed with cutaneous tuberculosis (CTB) and nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infections to address diagnostic and treatment challenges in dermatology.
  • Key findings reveal common symptoms like nodules and erythema, with significant histological features such as hyperkeratosis and neutrophil infiltration observed in most cases.
  • Results indicate that a majority of patients responded well to a three-drug treatment regimen, though the overall cure rate for CTB remains low, underscoring the need for improved diagnostic and treatment strategies.

Article Abstract

Background: Cutaneous tuberculosis (CTB) and nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infections present considerable diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. This study aims to provide a comprehensive clinicopathological analysis of CTB and NTM infections.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of 103 patients diagnosed with cutaneous tuberculosis (CTB) and nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infections at a Beijing dermatology department from January 2000 to January 2024. Demographic, clinical, histological, and laboratory finding data were collected. Diagnostic methods and histopathological examination were recorded. Treatment regimens and outcomes were reviewed. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize demographic and clinical data, and continuous variables expressed as means and standard deviations (SD), and categorical variables as frequencies and percentages. Statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS version 25.0.

Results: The cohort included 103 patients (40.8% males and 59.2% females), with a mean age of 51.86 years. Common clinical manifestations included nodules (97.1%), erythema (74.8%), and plaques (68.9%). Histological examination revealed hyperkeratosis (68.9%), parakeratosis (23.3%), and extensive neutrophil infiltration (95.1%) were observed. Acid fast bacteria (AFB) stains and nucleic acid tests exhibited respective positivity rates of 39.6% and 52.3%, respectively. Most patients were treated with a combination of three drugs; 77.1% of patients showed improvement, with the cure rate for CTB being 20.0%.

Discussion: This study highlights the diverse clinical and histological presentations of CTB and NTM infections, emphasizing the need for comprehensive diagnostic approaches. The variability in treatment regimens reflects the complex management of these infections.

Conclusion: The implementation of advanced molecular techniques and standardized treatment protocols is imperative for enhancing diagnostic precision and therapeutic outcomes.

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Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11377312PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2024.1451602DOI Listing

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