AI Article Synopsis
- Paramutation is an interaction between two alleles where one allele causes inherited epigenetic changes in another allele without altering the DNA itself.
- These changes involve modifications in DNA and histone methylation patterns that can impact gene expression, primarily mediated by small non-coding RNAs.
- The review examines various instances of paramutation across different organisms, focusing on their molecular and genetic similarities and differences, and discusses the implications of this phenomenon for evolution.
Article Abstract
The phenomenon of paramutation describes the interaction between two alleles, in which one allele initiates inherited epigenetic conversion of another allele without affecting the DNA sequence. Epigenetic transformations due to paramutation are accompanied by the change in DNA and/or histone methylation patterns, affecting gene expression. Studies of paramutation in plants and animals have identified small non-coding RNAs as the main effector molecules required for the initiation of epigenetic changes in gene loci. Due to the fact that small non-coding RNAs can be transmitted across generations, the paramutation effect can be inherited and maintained in a population. In this review, we will systematically analyze examples of paramutation in different living systems described so far, highlighting common and different molecular and genetic aspects of paramutation between organisms, and considering the role of this phenomenon in evolution.
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