Measuring utility values of eye conditions among children in India using the EQ-5D-Y instrument.

Background: Vision impairment and blindness are significant global public health challenges, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, where access to eye care services remains limited. India has significantly reduced the prevalence of Blindness and Vision Impairment (VI) over the last two decades. This was achieved with the help of greater investments towards blindness control programs. The use of utility values helps in conducting economic evaluations of various eye health programs and empirically justify investing in these programs. This study aimed to estimate utility values for various childhood eye conditions in central India using the EuroQol-Five-Dimension-Youth (EQ-5D-Y) instrument.

Methods: This is a before and after study with data collected at two time points for few participants and at only one time point for others. This study was undertaken at Shri Sadguru Netra Chikitsalaya (SNC) and included children representing central and north India. Participants were randomly sampled in the hospital. After comprehensive eye examination, participants completed the EuroQol-Five-Dimension-Youth (EQ-5D-Y) questionnaire along with EuroQol Visual Analogue Scale (EQ VAS) measurement to elicit their health state for their condition which was repeated after six months post-intervention to measure the change in utility value. We have used Indonesian value set to analyze the preference scores of each dimension of EQ-5D-Y.

Results: Utility values of 16 eye conditions were estimated at baseline and seven conditions were followed up for post-intervention utility value estimation. There is a statistically significant improvement in the utility values post-intervention amongst six conditions. Blindness and Pediatric cataract had the greatest change (0.23 and 0.2 respectively) in utility value whereas mild Vision Impairment (VI) showed the least change (0.02) in the utility value post-intervention. Blindness had the lowest baseline (0.62) and post-intervention (0.85) utility value.

Conclusion: The utility values estimated in this study showed that generic measures such as EQ-5D-Y may be used to elicit health states for various eye conditions amongst children. These estimates are helpful in undertaking cost-utility analyses of eye health programs and interventions aimed at these eye conditions.