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A Computational Fluid Dynamics Analysis of BiPAP Pressure Settings on Airway Biomechanics Using a CT-Based Respiratory Tract Model.
Respir Physiol Neurobiol
January 2025
School of Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia. Electronic address:
Central and Obstructive Sleep Apnea (CSA and OSA), Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), and Obesity Hypoventilation Syndrome (OHS) disrupt breathing patterns, posing significant health risks and reducing the quality of life. Bilevel Positive Airway Pressure (BiPAP) therapy offers adjustable inhalation and exhalation pressures, potentially enhancing treatment adaptability for the above diseases. This is the first-ever study that employs Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) to examine the biomechanical impacts of BiPAP under four settings: Inspiratory Positive Airway Pressure (IPAP)/Expiratory Positive Airway Pressure (EPAP) of 12/8, 16/6, and 18/8 cmHO, compared to a without-BiPAP scenario of zero-gauge pressure.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCapnodynamic determination of end-expiratory lung volume in a porcine model of hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction.
J Clin Monit Comput
December 2024
Pediatric perioperative medicine and Intensive Care, Karolinska University Hospital, Eugeniavägen 23, Stockholm, 171 64, Sweden.
Purpose: The capnodynamic method, End Expiratory Lung Volume CO (EELV-CO), utilizes exhaled carbon dioxide analysis to estimate End-Expiratory Lung Volume (EELV) and has been validated in both normal lungs and lung injury models. Its performance under systemic hypoxia and variations in CO elimination is not examined. This study aims to validate EELV-CO against inert gas wash in/wash out (EELV- SF6, sulfur hexafluoride) in a porcine model of stable hemodynamic conditions followed by hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction and inhaled nitric oxide (iNO).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFQuantitative mapping of cerebrovascular reactivity amplitude and delay with breath-hold BOLD fMRI when end-tidal CO quality is low.
bioRxiv
November 2024
Department of Physical Therapy and Human Movement Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
Cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR), the ability of cerebral blood vessels to dilate or constrict in order to regulate blood flow, is a clinically useful measure of cerebrovascular health. CVR is often measured using a breath-hold task to modulate blood CO levels during an fMRI scan. Measuring end-tidal CO (PCO) with a nasal cannula during the task allows CVR amplitude to be calculated in standard units (vascular response per unit change in CO, or %BOLD/mmHg) and CVR delay to be calculated in seconds.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLimited uptake of [C]Gardenia Blue administered orally in male and female rats and mice.
Food Chem Toxicol
January 2025
Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan; National Institute of Health Sciences, Kanagawa, 210-9501, Japan.
Gardenia blue (GB), a widely used plant-derived food color is prepared by reaction of genipin, the aglycone of geniposide, with protein hydrolysate. Recent animal studies investigating GB toxicity have indicated blue coloration in the gastrointestinal tract, kidneys and mesenteric lymph nodes in rodents following dietary administration. This study investigated the uptake and disposition of [C]GB in male and female rats and mice administered 100 or 1000 mg/kg by gavage.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFVampire bats rapidly fuel running with essential or non-essential amino acids from a blood meal.
Biol Lett
November 2024
Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto, Scarborough, Ontario M1C 1A4, Canada.
In most mammals, running is fuelled by oxidization of endogenous carbohydrates and lipids while amino acids contribute little (< 5-10%). Common vampire bats (), however, specialize on a unique, protein-rich blood diet. Therefore, we hypothesized that (i) vampire bats would rapidly begin utilizing dietary amino acids to support running metabolism, and (ii) that relative reliance on essential and non-essential amino acids would be similar.
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