Pulmonary abscess caused by in a child: A case report and review of literature.

Background: Lung abscess found on chest X-ray and computed tomography examinations is rare in infants and young children. Several pathogens can cause lung abscesses, with the most common pathogens being anaerobes, and () is a member of the family, and is mainly isolated from respiratory tract specimens. There are currently no cases of lung abscess caused by in the literature.

Case Summary: A 2-year-old boy was admitted to hospital due to persistent cough and fever. Lung computed tomography examination suggested the formation of a lung abscess. His diagnosis was not confirmed by testing for serum respiratory pathogens (6 items), respiratory pathogen nucleic acid (27 items), and laboratory culture. Finally, metagenomic next-generation sequencing of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid revealed the presence of , confirming its role in causing the lung abscess. After receiving antibiotic treatment, reexamination with lung computed tomography showed that the abscess was resorbed and the patient's outcome was good.

Conclusion: This is the first report of a lung abscess in a child caused by infection. Metagenomic next-generation sequencing of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid is helpful in achieving rapid and accurate pathogen identification.