Profiling Metal-Induced Genotoxic Endpoints.

Many toxic metals are involved in the initiation and progression of DNA damage that can result in the activation of DNA damage response machinery at double- and single-stranded DNA; this response can result in global and gene-specific DNA alteration. The toxicological profiles from the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) and several other studies have demonstrated the influence of metal exposure-induced genotoxic endpoints and epigenetic modifications. Our review systematically summarizes accumulating evidence from ATSDR toxicological profiles and the available literature that demonstrate a possible induction of various genotoxic endpoints and metal exposures. We include in this article studies on chromium, arsenic, nickel, lead, mercury, and zinc.