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Background: Non-invasive biofluid and MRI measures of blood-brain-barrier (BBB) dysfunction may aid early detection of cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD). Plasma markers of astrocytic function and injury, such as S100 calcium-binding protein B (S100b), have gained increased attention in relation to BBB integrity and cognition. Here we explored the inter-relationships between plasma S100b levels, an MRI measure of water exchange rate across the BBB (kw), and cognitive performance among older adults.
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Alzheimers Dement
December 2024
Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Background: Regional cerebral blood flow (CBF) can be noninvasively quantified using arterial spin labeled (ASL) perfusion MRI. In Alzheimer's disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI), hypoperfusion typically occurs in precuneus, posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), and hippocampus. Small vessel disease (SVD), a systemic disorder that commonly underlies vascular cognitive impairment, also causes brain hypoperfusion.
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Alzheimers Dement
December 2024
Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center (BBRC), Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain.
Background: Arterial spin labelling (ASL) is a non-invasive MRI technique for quantifying cerebral blood flow (CBF), used for monitoring changes over the course of a disease or treatment. A crucial parameter in ASL is the post-labelling delay (PLD), determined by the time it takes for blood to travel from the labeling location to the tissue under investigation. Time-encoded ASL (te-ASL) utilizes multiple PLDs for more accurate quantification.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: The early detection of neurologic damage at the microscopic level when the disease is subclinical would facilitate intervention preventing progression or potentially reversing the condition. The early determination of drug efficacy could shorten the length of drug studies, thereby reducing research costs. The eye is the only place in the body where an artery, vein, and nerve can be directly visualized The nerve fiber layer of the retina is an outgrowth of the brain.
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Alzheimers Dement
December 2024
Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study (ADCS), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Background: The glymphatic system is important for clearing waste and transporting nutrients throughout the brain, but it's still unknown how cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and cerebral blood flow (CBF) contribute to Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Phase-contrast MRI (PC-MRI) has been shown to reliably measure CSF and CBF at the cerebral aqueduct (CA) and second and third cervical vertebrae (C2-C3) non-invasively. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate CSF and CBF flow dynamics variations by age, sex, and APOE4 status in older adults.
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