In-season management of anterior shoulder instability in athletes is a complex problem. Athletes often wish to play through their current season, though recurrent instability rates are high, particularly in contact sports. Athletes are generally considered safe to return to play when they are relatively pain-free, and their strength and range of motion match the uninjured extremity. If an athlete is unable to progress toward recovering strength and range of motion, surgical management is an option, though this is often a season-ending decision.
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Early muscular training and immobilization in external rotation could reduce the recurrence rate in first-time shoulder dislocators among young rugby athletes.
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Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka International Medical & Science Center, Osaka, Japan; Center for Sports Medicine, Osaka International Medical & Science Center, Osaka, Japan. Electronic address:
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