Maternal Glycemia During Pregnancy and Child Lung Function: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Diabetes Care

Institute of Maternal and Child Health, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan.

Published: November 2024

AI Article Synopsis

  • - The study investigates how gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) affects lung function in children by analyzing the relationship between maternal glucose levels during pregnancy and offspring lung performance using data from 889 six-year-olds.
  • - Findings revealed that children exposed to maternal GDM exhibited significantly lower lung function scores, particularly in girls, with a higher risk of poor lung capacity.
  • - The research indicates that maternal glycemia, especially post-OGTT glucose levels, is negatively linked to children's lung function, highlighting the need for further exploration into the mechanisms behind this impact and possible interventions.

Article Abstract

Objective: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is known to be associated with certain respiratory impairments in offspring. However, the specific association between maternal GDM and childhood lung function remains unclear. We examined the association of maternal glycemia, as measured by oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) values, with childhood lung function outcomes in a birth cohort.

Research Design And Methods: A follow-up study was conducted with 889 children aged 6 years whose mothers underwent a 75-g OGTT between 24 and 28 weeks of gestation. After adjusting for prenatal and postnatal factors, multivariable regression models were used to evaluate the relationship between maternal glycemia and offspring lung function.

Results: In total, 10.7% of the offspring were exposed to maternal GDM. Maternal GDM significantly reduced the z score of forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), and forced expiratory flow at 25-75% of FVC in children, with more pronounced effects in female offspring. Maternal 1- and 2-h post-OGTT glucose z scores and the sum of those z scores, but not those for fasting glucose, were inversely associated with several measures of children's lung function. Additionally, maternal GDM increased the risk of impaired lung function in children (odds ratio 2.64; 95% CI, 1.10-5.85), defined as an FVC <85% of the predicted value. There were no significant associations with FEV1/FVC.

Conclusions: Maternal hyperglycemia was negatively associated with lung function in children, particularly among girls. Further studies are warranted to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of this association and to explore potential interventions to mitigate its effects.

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Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11502530PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/dc24-0865DOI Listing

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