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Glaucoma, More than Meets the Eye: Patterns of Demyelination Revealed in Human Postmortem Glaucomatous Optic Nerve. | LitMetric

Glaucoma, More than Meets the Eye: Patterns of Demyelination Revealed in Human Postmortem Glaucomatous Optic Nerve.

Aging Dis

Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Wallumattagal Campus, NSW 2109, Australia.

Published: August 2024

AI Article Synopsis

  • * Recent research indicates that demyelination—the loss of protective myelin around nerve fibers—may contribute to the progression of glaucoma, with previous studies showing evidence in animal models and patients.
  • * This study is significant as it provides the first quantifiable evidence of reduced myelin proteins in the optic nerves of glaucoma patients, linking demyelination to nerve degeneration and increased glial activity, which supports theories about glaucoma's progression.

Article Abstract

Glaucoma is a neurodegenerative disease affecting millions worldwide, characterised by retinal ganglion cell (RGC) degeneration which leads to blindness in more advanced cases. Although the pathogenesis and underlying mechanisms of glaucoma are not fully understood, there are theories that hint at demyelination playing a role in the disease process. Demyelination, or the degeneration of the myelin sheath surrounding axons, has been found in previous studies using animal models of glaucoma and clinical assessments of glaucoma patients. However, this has not been fully realised or quantified in glaucoma patients. Utilising postmortem optic nerve samples from glaucoma and healthy subjects, various immunohistochemical and morphological assessments were performed to determine the extent, if any, of demyelination in glaucomatous optic nerves. Our findings revealed that alongside nerve shrinkage and degeneration of nerve tissue fascicles, there were significantly less myelin proteins, specifically myelin basic protein (MBP), in glaucoma optic nerves. Additionally, the loss of MBP was correlated with decreased oligodendrocyte (OLG) precursors and increasing glial activity. This further supports previous evidence that demyelination may be a secondary degenerative process associated with glaucoma disease progression. Not only do these results provide evidence for potential disease mechanisms, but this is also the first study to quantify optic nerve demyelination in glaucoma postmortem tissue.

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Source
http://dx.doi.org/10.14336/AD.2024.0336DOI Listing

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