Recently, there has been a major push toward the development of next-generation treatments against snakebite envenoming. However, unlike current antivenoms that rely on animal-derived polyclonal antibodies, most of these novel approaches are reliant on an in-depth understanding of the over 2000 known snake venom toxins. Indeed, by identifying similarities (i.e., conserved epitopes) across these different toxins, it is possible to design cross-reactive treatments, such as broadly-neutralising antibodies, that target these similarities. Therefore, in this project, we built an automated pipeline that generates sequence and structural distance matrices and homology trees across all available snake venom toxin sequences and structures. To facilitate analysis, we also developed a user-friendly and high-throughput visualisation tool, coined "Venom TOxin CluStering" (V-ToCs). This tool allows researchers to easily investigate sequence and structure patterns in snake venom toxins for a wide array of purposes, such as elucidating toxin evolution, and will also hopefully help guide the discovery and development of increasingly broadly-neutralising antivenoms in the near future.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxicon.2024.108088 | DOI Listing |
ACS Omega
December 2024
Avenida Antônio Carlos 6627, Dept. De Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
species are the main cause of snake bites in rural communities of tropical developing countries of Central and South America. Envenomation by snakes is characterized by prominent local inflammation, hemorrhage and necrosis as well as systemic hemostatic disturbances. These pathological effects are mainly caused by the major toxins of the viperidae venoms, the snake venom metalloproteinases (SVMPs).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSci Rep
December 2024
Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Inoculation of Bothrops jararaca snake venom (BjV) induces thrombocytopenia in humans and various animal species. Although several BjV toxins acting on hemostasis have been well characterized in vitro, it is not known which one is responsible for inducing thrombocytopenia in vivo. In previous studies, we showed that BjV incubated with metalloproteinase or serine proteinase inhibitors and/or anti-botrocetin antibodies still induced thrombocytopenia in rats and mice.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOpen Vet J
November 2024
Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
Background: Pain and inflammation are closely associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), which affects the bones and joints.
Aim: While there are a number of therapeutic options for arthritis, their side effects restrict their use and encourage the search for alternative, natural remedies.
Methods: In male rats, we examined the anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic properties of venom (NHV).
Open Vet J
November 2024
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacy Program, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Background: Snake venoms are mainly composed of a mixture of proteins and peptides with antiviral activity against several viruses including HIV. Therefore, snake venoms represent a promising source for new antiviral drugs.
Aim: The study examines the toxin's capacity to disrupt the spike glycoprotein of HIV, the virus accountable for the HIV epidemic.
Int J Biol Macromol
December 2024
Laboratory of Cellular Immunology Applied to Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, FIOCRUZ Rondônia, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil; Department of Medicine, Federal University of Rondonia (UNIR), Porto Velho, RO, Brazil. Electronic address:
Phospholipases A (PLAs) are highly prevalent in Bothrops snake venom and play a crucial role in inflammatory responses and immune cell activation during envenomation. Despite their significance, the specific role of PLAs from Bothrops mattogrossensis venom (BmV) in inflammation is not fully understood. This study sought to isolate and characterize a novel acidic PLA from BmV, designated BmPLA-A, and to evaluate its effects on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), with a specific focus on cytotoxicity, adhesion, and detachment.
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