[Application of human-derived samples in preclinical research].

Drug discovery research takes many years and tons of effort, and the success rate is extremely low. In order to overcome this situation, pharmaceutical companies struggle to improve the probability of success drug research and development with multiple approaches. Recently, it is important to predict the clinical effects of the candidates as early as possible in drug discovery stage, to stratify patients with diseases, and to provide appropriate readouts for evaluation of pharmacological efficacy for increasing the success rate. In this environment, the importance of non-clinical research that actively utilizes human-derived samples including patient-derived samples is increasing. In this article, author describes the use of human-derived samples in non-clinical research, especially focusing on the utilization of induced pluripotent stem cells. Human-derived samples are valuable experimental materials that have, at least in part, human-specific characteristics that experimental animals do not possess. In particular, patient-derived samples are thought to have the genetic predisposition and at least some disease characteristics that cause the disease, and are useful from the perspective of elucidating the pathogenesis, disease modeling, and predictability of clinical effects. This is also valuable for drug discovery research in diseases that are difficult to reproduce in experimental animals such as mice. Whereas, human-derived samples have some limitations, and we need ethical procedures and consideration when researchers use them. Author will provide an overview of the use of human-derived samples in non-clinical research based on the perspectives as described above and introduce our research group cases, and future research prospects using them.