AI Article Synopsis
- The Dothideomycete fungal pathogen Ptr causes tan spot disease in wheat, with known proteinaceous effectors ToxA and ToxB, and a partially characterized nonproteinaceous effector ToxC.
- Two new compounds, ToxE1 and ToxE2, were identified from Ptr cultures, inducing specific chlorotic symptoms in wheat leaves without being linked to ToxC.
- The compounds were found in infected wheat and analyzed via NMR spectroscopy, revealing a phthalide core structure, suggesting a potential role in phytotoxicity and disease progression.
Article Abstract
The Dothideomycete fungal pathogen (Ptr) is the causal agent of the tan spot disease of wheat. The proteinaceous necrotrophic effectors ToxA and ToxB are well characterized. A nonproteinaceous effector called ToxC has also been partially characterized. Ptr produces a number of other small molecular weight compounds, but these remain poorly characterized. In this study, two novel compounds, designated ToxE1 and ToxE2, capable of inducing chlorotic symptoms on wheat leaves in a cultivar-specific manner, were purified from Ptr liquid cultures. There is no evidence that these compounds correspond to ToxC. Most isolates produced ToxE1, ToxE2, or both, and both compounds were detected in infected wheat leaves. The structures of both analogues were elucidated by NMR spectroscopy and comprise a phthalide core structure with an amide moiety. We postulate that these compounds have a general phytotoxic effect and may have an ancillary role in disease development.
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| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11403622 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.4c02533 | DOI Listing |
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Article Synopsis
- Tan spot, a wheat disease caused by the pathogen Pyrenophora tritici-repentis, involves three necrotrophic effectors (Ptr ToxA, Ptr ToxB, and Ptr ToxC), and its variations are sorted into a race system based on their genetic combinations.
- A survey in Kansas identified 63 isolates of Ptr, revealing that race 1, which includes the harmful Ptr ToxA, is the most prevalent, along with the existence of races 2, 3, and 4.
- These findings suggest that wheat breeding efforts in Kansas should aim to reduce the susceptibility gene Tsn1 to enhance resistance against the pathogen, providing valuable insights for breeders and path
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