A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: fopen(/var/lib/php/sessions/ci_session1j3dnk9hmfngm96j6bmosaev5gbdedan): Failed to open stream: No space left on device

Filename: drivers/Session_files_driver.php

Line Number: 177

Backtrace:

File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: session_start(): Failed to read session data: user (path: /var/lib/php/sessions)

Filename: Session/Session.php

Line Number: 137

Backtrace:

File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: Undefined array key "choices"

Filename: controllers/Detail.php

Line Number: 249

Backtrace:

File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 249
Function: _error_handler

File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: Trying to access array offset on value of type null

Filename: controllers/Detail.php

Line Number: 249

Backtrace:

File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 249
Function: _error_handler

File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: Trying to access array offset on value of type null

Filename: controllers/Detail.php

Line Number: 249

Backtrace:

File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 249
Function: _error_handler

File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: Trying to access array offset on value of type null

Filename: controllers/Detail.php

Line Number: 249

Backtrace:

File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 249
Function: _error_handler

File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: strpos(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($haystack) of type string is deprecated

Filename: models/Detail_model.php

Line Number: 71

Backtrace:

File: /var/www/html/application/models/Detail_model.php
Line: 71
Function: strpos

File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 252
Function: insertAPISummary

File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: str_replace(): Passing null to parameter #3 ($subject) of type array|string is deprecated

Filename: helpers/my_audit_helper.php

Line Number: 8919

Backtrace:

File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 8919
Function: str_replace

File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 255
Function: formatAIDetailSummary

File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: Undefined array key "choices"

Filename: controllers/Detail.php

Line Number: 256

Backtrace:

File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 256
Function: _error_handler

File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: Trying to access array offset on value of type null

Filename: controllers/Detail.php

Line Number: 256

Backtrace:

File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 256
Function: _error_handler

File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: Trying to access array offset on value of type null

Filename: controllers/Detail.php

Line Number: 256

Backtrace:

File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 256
Function: _error_handler

File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: Undefined array key "usage"

Filename: controllers/Detail.php

Line Number: 257

Backtrace:

File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 257
Function: _error_handler

File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: Trying to access array offset on value of type null

Filename: controllers/Detail.php

Line Number: 257

Backtrace:

File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 257
Function: _error_handler

File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: Undefined array key "usage"

Filename: controllers/Detail.php

Line Number: 258

Backtrace:

File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 258
Function: _error_handler

File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: Trying to access array offset on value of type null

Filename: controllers/Detail.php

Line Number: 258

Backtrace:

File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 258
Function: _error_handler

File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: Undefined array key "usage"

Filename: controllers/Detail.php

Line Number: 259

Backtrace:

File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 259
Function: _error_handler

File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: Trying to access array offset on value of type null

Filename: controllers/Detail.php

Line Number: 259

Backtrace:

File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 259
Function: _error_handler

File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: Undefined array key "usage"

Filename: controllers/Detail.php

Line Number: 260

Backtrace:

File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 260
Function: _error_handler

File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: Trying to access array offset on value of type null

Filename: controllers/Detail.php

Line Number: 260

Backtrace:

File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 260
Function: _error_handler

File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: Trying to access array offset on value of type null

Filename: controllers/Detail.php

Line Number: 260

Backtrace:

File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 260
Function: _error_handler

File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once

Methods for detection of cardiac glycogen-autophagy. | LitMetric

AI Article Synopsis

Article Abstract

Glycogen-autophagy ('glycophagy') is a selective autophagy process involved in delivering glycogen to the lysosome for bulk degradation. Glycophagy protein intermediaries include STBD1 as a glycogen tagging receptor, delivering the glycogen cargo into the forming phagosome by partnering with the Atg8 homolog, GABARAPL1. Glycophagy is emerging as a key process of energy metabolism and development of reliable tools for assessment of glycophagy activity is an important priority. Here we show that antibodies raised against the N-terminus of the GABARAPL1 protein (but not the full-length protein) detected a specific endogenous GABARAPL1 immunoblot band at 18kDa. A stable GFP-GABARAPL1 cardiac cell line was used to quantify GABARAPL1 lysosomal flux via measurement of GFP puncta in response to lysosomal inhibition with bafilomycin. Endogenous glycophagy flux was quantified in primary rat ventricular myocytes by the extent of glycogen accumulation with bafilomycin combined with chloroquine treatment (no effect observed with bafilomycin or chloroquine alone). In wild-type isolated mouse hearts, bafilomycin alone and bafilomycin combined with chloroquine (but not chloroquine alone) elicited a significant increase in glycogen content signifying basal glycophagy flux. Collectively, these methodologies provide a comprehensive toolbox for tracking cardiac glycophagy activity to advance research into the role of glycophagy in health and disease.

Download full-text PDF

Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11361060PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/2024.08.11.607511DOI Listing

Publication Analysis

Top Keywords

delivering glycogen
8
glycophagy activity
8
glycophagy flux
8
bafilomycin combined
8
combined chloroquine
8
glycophagy
7
glycogen
5
bafilomycin
5
methods detection
4
detection cardiac
4

Similar Publications

Glycogen, a branched polysaccharide organized into glycogen granules (GGs), is delivered from the cytoplasm to the lysosomes of hepatocytes by STBD1-driven selective autophagy (glycophagy). Recently, we developed yeast as a simple model of GG autophagy and found that it proceeds non-selectively under nitrogen starvation conditions. However, another group, using as a model, found that glycogen is a non-preferred cargo of nitrogen starvation-induced bulk autophagy.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF
Article Synopsis
  • Clinical pathway recommendations (CPR) provide guidance on managing specific diagnoses, in this case, Pompe disease, a metabolic disorder caused by a deficiency in a specific enzyme.
  • The CPR document was created by a working group from MetabERN, which focuses on metabolic diseases, and involved systematic literature searches and quality assessments based on established methodologies.
  • This document aims to standardize care for Pompe disease patients by addressing various aspects including pathophysiology, diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up strategies for healthcare providers.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF
Article Synopsis
  • T cells are crucial for fighting viral infections and cancer, so effective delivery systems for therapeutics targeting T cells are important, but challenging due to T cells' nonphagocytic behavior.
  • Researchers have found that natural glycogen nanoparticles (nanosugars) can engage T cells and release drugs without the need for complex receptor-targeting antibodies.
  • Among different nanoparticle types, smaller and positively charged glycogen nanoparticles (BG NPs) demonstrate superior internalization and drug release capabilities, proving effective in reactivating latent HIV-1 in T cells and transfecting mRNA.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Glycogen-autophagy ('glycophagy') is a selective autophagy process involved in delivering glycogen to the lysosome for bulk degradation. Glycophagy protein intermediaries include STBD1 as a glycogen tagging receptor, delivering the glycogen cargo into the forming phagosome by partnering with the Atg8 homolog, GABARAPL1. Glycophagy is emerging as a key process of energy metabolism and development of reliable tools for assessment of glycophagy activity is an important priority.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Extract-Loaded Niosomes Bioconjugated by Linoleic Acid in Hepatic Encephalopathy Induced by High-Fructose Diet in Albino Wistar Rats.

Arch Razi Inst

February 2024

Njuki Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, El Oued University, El Oued 39000, Algeria.

Article Synopsis
  • Nanotechnology plays a crucial role in enhancing drug delivery systems, specifically through the development of smart nanocarriers that target specific sites for treatment in the pharmaceutical field.
  • This study focused on evaluating niosomes loaded with specific extracts (SmE) in rats suffering from hepatic encephalopathy caused by a high-fructose diet, analyzing their effectiveness against control and metformin-treated groups.
  • Results showed that while both the niosome formulation (SmE-N) and metformin improved various health parameters compared to the high-fructose diet group, SmE-N demonstrated greater efficacy in alleviating complications related to fructose-induced metabolic disorders.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Want AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?

Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!