Neural activity within the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) and anterior insula (aIns) is often associated with economic choices and confidence. However, it remains unclear whether these brain regions are causally related to these processes. To address this issue, we leveraged intracranial electrical stimulation (iES) data obtained from patients with epilepsy performing an economic choice task. Our results reveal opposite effects of stimulation on decision-making depending on its location along a dorso-ventral axis within each region. Specifically, stimulation of the ventral subregion within aIns reduces risk-taking by increasing participants' sensitivity to potential losses, whereas stimulation of the dorsal subregion of aIns and the ventral portion of the vmPFC increases risk-taking by reducing participants' sensitivity to losses. Moreover, stimulation of the aIns consistently decreases participants' confidence, regardless of its location within the aIns. These findings suggest the existence of functionally dissociated neural subregions and circuits causally involved in accepting or avoiding challenges.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-51822-8 | DOI Listing |
Alzheimers Dement
December 2024
University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
Background: Psychotic symptoms (delusions and/or hallucinations) are among the most common and impactful neuropsychiatric symptoms that occur within Alzheimer's disease (AD): present in around half of AD patients, they are associated with increased distress for the individual and their families, poorer disease outcome, and greater risk of hospitalization and death. Using Random Forest analyses, aim of this study is to provide clarity on the value of neuroanatomical, neuropsychological, and neuropsychiatric features when predicting the presence of psychotic symptoms in AD.
Method: Data used in preparation for this study was obtained from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative database (adni.
Neurosci Lett
December 2024
Department of Anatomy, Koç University, School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey. Electronic address:
The insular cortex (ICx) has a role in large a variety of functions. Thalamus plays an important role in modulating cortical functions. The present study aims to show thalamic-ICx connections using the fluoro-gold (FG) tracing method in rats and diffusion tensoring-based tractography (DTI) in humans.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Neurosci
January 2025
Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Beijing Institute of Functional Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China.
Purpose: To investigate the activity of default mode network (DMN), frontoparietal network (FPN) and cerebellar network (CN) in drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) patients undergoing vagus nerve stimulation (VNS).
Methods: Fifteen patients were recruited and underwent resting-state fMRI scans. Independent component analysis and paired sample t-tests were used to examine activity changes of DMN, FPN and CN before and after VNS.
Sci Rep
December 2024
INSERM, INS, Inst Neurosci Syst, Aix Marseille Univ, Marseille, France.
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is more common in patients with drug-resistant epilepsy. Some of these patients experience PTSD due to early psychotraumatic events. This study aims to assess the influence of PTSD on interictal functional connectivity using stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG) recordings in patients with temporal lobe DRE (TDRE).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBiol Psychiatry Cogn Neurosci Neuroimaging
December 2024
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA. Electronic address:
Background: Prolonged Grief Disorder is a multidimensional condition with adverse health consequences. We hypothesized that enhanced negative emotional bias characterizes this disorder and underlies its key clinical symptoms.
Methods: In a cross-sectional design, chronically grieving older adults (61.
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