AI Article Synopsis

  • Researchers explored how adding sulfur to propargylic carboxylates affects gold-catalyzed reactions involving alkynes.
  • These reactions lead to the creation of functionalized indole products under mild conditions using a regiodivergent approach.
  • Selective carboxylate migrations (both 1,2 and 1,3) were achieved, with indole attaching in a 1,4 position relative to the sulfenyl group, influenced by factors like the catalyst system and counterion.

Article Abstract

Sulfenylated propargylic carboxylates were introduced to investigate the influence of sulfur substitution in gold-catalyzed alkyne activation pathways. Regiodivergent gold-catalyzed rearrangement and indole capture reactions proceed under mild conditions to give functionalized indole products bearing sulfenylated ()-enol carboxylate motifs. Pathways involving both 1,2- and 1,3-carboxylate migrations are achieved selectively, with indole being added in a 1,4 relationship to the sulfenyl group in each case. High levels of selectivity are influenced by the catalyst system, counterion, and carboxylate group.

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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11406574PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.orglett.4c02853DOI Listing

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Article Synopsis
  • Researchers explored how adding sulfur to propargylic carboxylates affects gold-catalyzed reactions involving alkynes.
  • These reactions lead to the creation of functionalized indole products under mild conditions using a regiodivergent approach.
  • Selective carboxylate migrations (both 1,2 and 1,3) were achieved, with indole attaching in a 1,4 position relative to the sulfenyl group, influenced by factors like the catalyst system and counterion.
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A wide variety of regioselectively substituted carbazole derivatives can be synthesized by the gold-catalyzed cyclization of alkynols bearing an indol-3-yl and an additional group at the homopropargylic positions. The regioselectivity of the process can be controlled by both the oxidation state of the gold catalyst and the electronic nature of the substituents of the alkynol moiety. The 1,2-alkyl migration in the spiroindoleninium intermediate, generated after indole attack to the activated alkyne, is favored with gold(I) complexes and for electron-rich aromatic substituents at the homopropargylic position, whereas the 1,2-alkenyl shift is preferred when using gold(III) salts and for alkyl or non-electron-rich aromatic groups.

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In this study, we developed a selective method for synthesis of multi-substituted quinoline-2-ylphosphonates and quinoline-3-ylphosphonates by copper- or gold-catalyzed reactions of phosphoryl-substituted conjugated ynones with 2'-amino-2,2,2-trifluoroacetophenones. The approach proposed makes it possible to obtain various substituted quinolines in good yields. It is also shown that (4,4,4-trifluoro-3-oxobut-1-yn-1-yl)phosphonate reacts with 2-aminoaryl ketones under non-catalytic conditions with formation of 4-substituted quinoline-2-ylphosphonates in high yields.

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An alternative Au(I)-catalyzed synthetic route to functionalized 1,2-dihydroquinolines is reported. This novel approach is based on the use of -ethoxycarbonyl protected--propargylanilines as building blocks that rapidly undergo the IMHA reaction affording the 6- cyclization product in good to high yields. In the presence of -ethoxycarbonyl--propargyl-substituted anilines, the regiodivergent cyclization at the -/-position is achieved by the means of catalyst fine tuning.

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Regiodivergent Electrophilic Cyclizations of Alkynylcyclobutanes for the Synthesis of Cyclobutane-Fused O-Heterocycles.

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Cyclobutane-fused dihydropyrans and methylenetetrahydrofurans are highly interesting cores found in numerous natural products. Both these cores are selectively prepared from a common alkynylcyclobutane precursor bearing an appended hydroxyl group herein. Thus, cyclobutane-fused dihydropyrans can be obtained by a selective 6-endo-dig iodocyclization, whereas gold-catalyzed 5-exo-dig cycloisomerization provides a bicyclic core containing a methylenetetrahydrofuran moiety as major product.

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