Lithium-ion battery related burns and emerging trends: a retrospective case series and data analysis of emergency presentations.

Introduction: The rising prevalence of battery powered devices is driving a steady increase in lithium-ion battery-related burns. We present a case series of patients with lithium-ion battery-related burns and describe the clinical characteristics of this cohort. To further understand emerging trends, we compare our specialty inpatient case series with emergency department (ED) data collated by the Queensland Injury Surveillance Unit (QISU).

Methods: This is a retrospective case series of all patients admitted to the Professor Stuart Pegg Adult Burns Centre for burns relating to lithium-ion batteries between January 2014 and October 2023. In addition, we provide a retrospective data analysis of ED presentations for lithium-ion battery-related burns or blast injuries collated by the QISU.

Results: Within the case series data, the most common injuries caused by lithium-ion batteries leading to burn unit admissions were due to e-scooters (57.1%). Burns relating to e-scooter batteries were more likely to involve a larger total body surface area and to be deeper in nature, than burns due to other products. The most common ED presentations were from energy storage devices such as powerpacks (43%).

Conclusion: Lithium-ion battery-related burns are becoming more frequent. The majority of inpatient managed cases involved burns due to larger lithium-ion batteries used in e-scooters. This is the first Australian case series describing severe burns caused by this mechanism. Primary prevention through design, technological and behavioural strategies is required.