AI Article Synopsis
- Immunotherapy helps the body fight tumors by making the immune system better at finding and destroying cancer cells.
- Scientists use special drugs made from nucleic acids, like DNA and RNA, to boost these therapies, but they need to find safe ways to deliver these drugs to the right cells in the body.
- New delivery systems that mimic viruses and bacteria can protect these drugs and help activate the immune system, making immunotherapy more effective against tumors.
Article Abstract
Immunotherapy combats tumors by enhancing the body's immune surveillance and clearance of tumor cells. Various nucleic acid drugs can be used in immunotherapy, such as DNA expressing cytokines, mRNA tumor vaccines, small interfering RNAs (siRNA) knocking down immunosuppressive molecules, and oligonucleotides that can be used as immune adjuvants. Nucleic acid drugs, which are prone to nuclease degradation in the circulation and find it difficult to enter the target cells, typically necessitate developing appropriate vectors for effective in vivo delivery. Biomimetic drug delivery systems, derived from viruses, bacteria, and cells, can protect the cargos from degradation and clearance, and deliver them to the target cells to ensure safety. Moreover, they can activate the immune system through their endogenous activities and active components, thereby improving the efficacy of antitumor immunotherapeutic nucleic acid drugs. In this review, biomimetic nucleic acid delivery systems for relieving a tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment are introduced. Their immune activation mechanisms, including upregulating the proinflammatory cytokines, serving as tumor vaccines, inhibiting immune checkpoints, and modulating intratumoral immune cells, are elaborated. The advantages and disadvantages, as well as possible directions for their clinical translation, are summarized at last.
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|---|---|
| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11360391 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics16081028 | DOI Listing |
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