AI Article Synopsis
- The human parainfluenza virus type 4 (HPIV4) has two subtypes, 4a and 4b, which were analyzed through gene sequences from 48 strains collected between 1966 and 2022.
- A phylogenetic study revealed that these subtypes separated around 1823, with common ancestors for subtype 4a and 4b existing until approximately 1940 and 1939, respectively.
- The study indicates that while there are genetic differences among all strains, each subtype maintains genetic conservation with low evolutionary rates and identified potential B-cell epitopes on the virus's fusion protein.
Article Abstract
The human parainfluenza virus type 4 (HPIV4) can be classified into two distinct subtypes, 4a and 4b. The full lengths of the gene ( gene) of 48 HPIV4 strains collected during the period of 1966-2022 were analyzed. Based on these gene sequences, the time-scaled evolutionary tree was constructed using Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo methods. A phylogenetic tree showed that the first division of the two subtypes occurred around 1823, and the most recent common ancestors of each type, 4a and 4b, existed until about 1940 and 1939, respectively. Although the mean genetic distances of all strains were relatively wide, the distances in each subtype were not wide, indicating that this gene was conserved in each subtype. The evolutionary rates of the genes were relatively low (4.41 × 10 substitutions/site/year). Moreover, conformational B-cell epitopes were predicted in the apex of the trimer fusion protein. These results suggest that HPIV4 subtypes diverged 200 years ago and the progenies further diverged and evolved.
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|---|---|
| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11356533 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12081633 | DOI Listing |
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