Photopolymerization is becoming increasingly popular in industry due to its copious advantages. The vital factor in the entire pre-polymerization formulation is the presence of photoinitiators. Depending on the application, photoinitiators have different features. Hence, scientists are particularly interested in developing new photoinitiators that can expand the scope of applications and be used to create products with the features demanded by current trends. This brief review summarizes the photoinitiators used in dental materials and hydrogels and those obtained from natural and synthetic sources.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules29163898 | DOI Listing |
Biofabrication
January 2025
Polymer Chemistry and Biomaterials (PBM) Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, Gent, 9000, BELGIUM.
Volumetric bioprinting has revolutionized the field of biofabrication by enabling the creation of cubic centimeter-scale living constructs at faster printing times (in the order of seconds). However, a key challenge remains: developing a wider variety of available osteogenic bioinks that allow osteogenic maturation of the encapsulated cells within the construct. Herein, the bioink exploiting a step-growth mechanism (norbornene-norbornene functionalized gelatin in combination with thiolated gelatin - GelNBNBSH) outperformed the bioink exploiting a chain-growth mechanism (gelatin methacryloyl - GelMA), as the necessary photo-initiator concentration was three times lower combined with a more than 50 % reduction in required light exposure dose resulting in an improved positive and negative resolution.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFStruct Dyn
January 2025
Center for Free-Electron Laser Science CFEL, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany.
Sub-ångström spatial resolution of electron density coupled with sub-femtosecond to few-femtosecond temporal resolution is required to directly observe the dynamics of the electronic structure of a molecule after photoinitiation or some other ultrafast perturbation, such as by soft X-rays. Meeting this challenge, pushing the field of quantum crystallography to attosecond timescales, would bring insights into how the electronic and nuclear degrees of freedom couple, enable the study of quantum coherences involved in molecular dynamics, and ultimately enable these dynamics to be controlled. Here, we propose to reach this realm by employing convergent-beam x-ray crystallography with high-power attosecond pulses from a hard-x-ray free-electron laser.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDes Monomers Polym
January 2025
Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V, Dresden, Germany.
Enhancing both ionic conductivity and mechanical robustness remains a major challenge in designing solid-state electrolytes for lithium batteries. This work presents a novel approach in designing mechanically robust and highly conductive solid-state electrolytes, which involves ionic liquid-based cross-linked polymer networks incorporating polymeric ionic liquids (PILs). First, linear PILs with different side groups were synthesized for optimizing the structure.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFActa Biomater
January 2025
State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application; Suzhou key Laboratory of Macromolecular Deign and Precision Synthesis; College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China. Electronic address:
Tumor hypoxia is one of key challenges in deep tumor photodynamic therapy (PDT), and how to fix this issue is attracting ongoing concerns worldwide. This work demonstrates dually fluorinated unimolecular micelles with desirable and stable oxygen-carrying capacity, high cellular penetration, and integrative type I & II PDT for deep hypoxic tumors. Dually fluorinated star copolymers with fluorinated phthalocyanines as the core are prepared through photoinitiated electron/energy transfer-reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (PET-RAFT) polymerization under irradiation with NIR LED light at room temperature, followed by assembly into unimolecular micelles.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Mol Sci
December 2024
Department of Materials Engineering, Faculty of Materials Engineering and Physics, Cracow University of Technology, 37 Jana Pawla II Av., 31-864 Krakow, Poland.
Hydrogels are three-dimensional polymeric matrices capable of absorbing significant amounts of water or biological fluids, making them promising candidates for biomedical applications such as drug delivery and wound healing. In this study, novel hydrogels were synthesized using a photopolymerization method and modified with cisplatin-loaded protein carriers, as well as natural extracts of nettle () and chamomile ( L.).
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