Molecular and Morphological Identification of Species Causing Sheath Rot of Rice in Thailand and Their Division into Physiological Races.

Sheath rot and dirty panicle are some of the major diseases of rice in Thailand. The diseases are traditionally considered to be caused by the pathogen and damage and lower both the quantity and quality of rice grain. In this study, 32 fungal isolates collected from the central and northeastern regions of Thailand were analysed phylogenetically using three molecular markers (ITS, D1/D2 of 28S rDNA and ) and physiological races were determined on 10 differential rice cultivars. We found that is not the only causal agent of sheath rot in Thailand, but was also found. Despite having similar morphological features, the phylogenetic analysis recognised 11 of 32 isolates as and the remaining isolates as . This is the first report of causing sheath rot of rice in Thailand in addition to . Evaluation of physiological races revealed high pathogenic diversity of the two species. Thus, 16 and 11 physiological races were recorded from 21 isolates of and 11 isolates of , respectively. These results indicate that both and are the causal agents of rice sheath rot and dirty panicle in Thailand and that they are pathologically diverse.