Infective endocarditis outcomes at a tertiary hospital in Western Australia: a retrospective cohort study from 2016 to 2021.

Background: Infective endocarditis (IE) is a severe infection with considerable mortality. It is associated with geographical variation, complicating diagnosis and treatment of patients in a standardised manner.

Aim: To evaluate the characteristics and management outcomes of patients with IE in Royal Perth Hospital (RPH).

Methods: A single-centre, retrospective cohort study. Data were collected from medical records of 131 patients with a diagnosis of IE admitted to RPH between 2016 and 2021.

Results: Eighty-four patients with definite IE were included for analysis. The median age of patients was 51.5 years and 77.4% were male. Compared to the general Australian population, there was disproportionately greater representation of Indigenous Australians (21.4%), those with a history of injecting drug use (IDU) (27.4%), rheumatic heart disease (14.3%) and previous IE (13.1%). The most commonly affected valve was the mitral valve in 46.4% of patients, and the most common pathogen was Staphylococcus aureus in 47.6% of patients. Twelve-month mortality was 16.7%, with significantly increased mortality in those treated non-surgically (25.6% vs 7.3%, P = 0.025). Factors associated with undergoing surgery included the presence of aortic valve disease, perivalvular extension of infection and infection with Enterococcus faecalis, whereas IDU, tricuspid valve disease and S. aureus infection were associated with non-surgical management. Adherence to multidisciplinary team review was 75.0%, and surgical management was performed in 70.7% of patients meeting an indication for surgery.

Conclusion: IE mortality rates remain high, particularly in patients who do not undergo surgical management. Streamlined MDT assessment and referral for surgical management where appropriate is necessary to improve outcomes.